Глава 27

On the ransom of those dedicated to Jehovah; cases where redemption is not possible; tithe to Jehovah from the land Lev.27:1. And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: Lev.27:2. declare to the children of Israel and say to them: if anyone makes a vow to consecrate his soul to the Lord according to your estimate, Lev.27:3. then your estimate for a man from twenty to sixty years old shall be fifty shekels of silver, according to the shekel of the sanctuary; Lev.27:4. if it be a woman, then your estimate shall be thirty shekels; Lev.27:5. from five years to twenty, your estimate for a man shall be twenty shekels, and for a woman ten shekels; Lev.27:6. and from a month to five years, your assessment for a man shall be five shekels of silver, and for a woman your assessment shall be three shekels of silver; Lev.27:7. from sixty years old and upward, for a man your assessment shall be fifteen shekels of silver, and for a woman ten shekels. In parallel to the redemption of what was sold (Lev. 25), the law allows and normalizes the redemption of those dedicated to Jehovah - not by virtue of the obligation of the law, but by free zeal or vow, due to the free movement of religious feeling. He who, by this impulse, dedicated his own person or the person of another to Jehovah, thereby gave the life of a devotee to Jehovah; In exchange for life, Jehovah allows a ransom to be given in favor of the sanctuary. The ransom amount varies depending on gender and age: for men: a) in adulthood from 20 to 60 years. – 50 sacred shekels (not folk, less than the sacred shekel by 1/7 of silver; b) from 5 to 20 liters. – 20 s; c) from 1 month to 5 liters. – 5 shekels; d) over 60 liters. – 15 s. Female persons at all indicated ages are valued below: a) 30 sikl.; b) 10 cycles; c) 3 cycles; d) 10 shekels. Obviously, in each case, the unequal ability of the person dedicated to the sanctuary was valued; he was required to do physical work for the sanctuary: chopping wood, carrying water, etc. Lev.27:8. If he is poor and is not able to give according to your estimate, then let him be presented to the priest, and let the priest value him: in proportion to the condition of the one who made the vow, let the priest value him. If the indicated assessment turned out to be too high for the poor man, then the priest would give him a special assessment: in accordance with his condition. Lev.27:9. If it is livestock that is sacrificed to the Lord, then everything that is given to the Lord must be holy: Lev.27:10. one should not exchange it and replace good with bad, or bad with good; If anyone replaces cattle with cattle, then both that and its replacement will be holy. Lev.27:11. If there is any unclean animal that is not sacrificed to the Lord, then the animal must be presented to the priest, Lev.27:12. and the priest will evaluate her, whether she is good or bad, and as the priest evaluates, so it should be; Lev.27:13. if anyone wants to redeem it, then let him add a fifth share to your valuation. In the case of the dedication of any sacrificial animal, it certainly had to be sacrificed (Lev.27:9), and, in order to eliminate the selfish choice, any replacement of the promised specimen, even with a better one, is prohibited (Lev.27:10). In the case of dedicating an unclean animal to Jehovah, it was either used for the sanctuary in kind, or was sold for his benefit by the priest, or - in case the dedicator wished to receive the animal back - the priest appraised it, and the owner paid the price with the addition of 1/5 of it (Lev. 27:13) - a type of punishment for the rashness of the vow and the illegal use of sacred property (cf. Lev. 5:16, 22:14). Lev.27:14. If someone dedicates his house as a shrine to the Lord, then the priest must evaluate it, whether it is good or bad, and as the priest evaluates it, so it will be; Lev.27:15. If the one who dedicated it wants to redeem his house, then let him add a fifth of the silver of your assessment, and then it will be his. The same thing happened with a house dedicated (for example, in case of illness) and redeemed back, as well as with a field (Lev.27:19). Lev.27:16. If anyone dedicates a field from his possession to the Lord, then your assessment should be according to the amount of sowing: for sowing a homer of barley, fifty shekels of silver; The size of the field is determined by the amount of grain sown. Homer (cf. Numbers 11.32) or kor - measure (loose bodies), approximately equal to 6 garnets, therefore somewhat less than our four. The income of the field on which a homer of barley is sown is estimated at 50 shekels, probably not for one year, but for several years of rental use. Lev.27:17. if someone dedicates his field from the year of jubilee, it must take place according to your assessment; Lev.27:18. If, after the jubilee, someone dedicates his field, then the priest must calculate the silver according to the years remaining until the jubilee year, and must subtract it from your estimate; Lev.27:19. If the one who dedicated it wants to redeem the field, then let him add a fifth of the silver of your valuation, and it will remain with him; Lev.27:20. if he does not redeem the field, and the field is sold to another person, then it can no longer be redeemed: Lev.27:21. that field, when it goes away on the Jubilee, will be holy to the Lord, as if it were a cursed field; the priest will take possession of it. Lev.27:22. But if anyone dedicates to the Lord a field he has bought, which is not from the fields of his possession, Lev.27:23. then the priest must calculate for him the amount of the assessment before the year of jubilee, and he must pay according to the calculation on the same day, as if it were holy to the Lord; Lev.27:24. But in the year of jubilee the field will pass again to the one from whom it was purchased, to whom the possession of that land belongs. The already mentioned (see note to Lev. 25) calculation of the value of the land plots dedicated to the sanctuary in connection with the law of the year of jubilee. In this case, two cases characteristic of the Old Testament theocracy emerge: 1) a field dedicated to Jehovah, unredeemed by its owner and sold to another, became, as it were, cursed (cherem, LXX: ὥσπερ γῆ ἁφωρισμένη ἀνάὕεμα ), Lev.27:20–21; 2) a distinction is made between a well-acquired field, a purchased one, which the buyer did not have the right to dispose of after the year of jubilee, and a generic field, which could not be converted into a curse, into the eternal property of the sanctuary. Lev.27:25. Every estimate of yours must be according to the shekel of the sanctuary; twenty gerahs must be in the shekel. The Hebrew shekel (cf. Exodus 30.13), as samples of it in the Louvre Museum show, weighed somewhat less than our silver. ruble (about 4 zolotniki, and the ruble is 4 zolotniki. 21 shares), from which the approximate cost is 80–86 kopecks. A shekel is 20 ger, 10 ger or 1/2 shekel bek (another 1/4 shekel is mentioned in 1 Samuel 9.8). Lev.27:26. Only the firstborn of livestock, which by primacy belong to the Lord, should not be dedicated by anyone: whether it be an ox or small livestock, they are the Lord’s. Lev.27:27. If the cattle are unclean, then you must redeem them according to your valuation and add a fifth to it; If they don’t buy it back, then they must sell it according to your valuation. It was possible to dedicate to Jehovah out of zeal only that which, in itself, without dedication, according to the law, did not belong to Him. Therefore, it was impossible to dedicate to Jehovah the firstborn, who belonged to Jehovah by law - Ex.13:2, 22:30. Lev.27:28. Only everything cursed that a person gives to the Lord from his property under a curse - whether a person, cattle, or the field of his possession - is not sold or redeemed: everything cursed is the great shrine of the Lord; Lev.27:29. everything cursed that is cursed from people cannot be redeemed: it must be put to death. It does not allow any redemption of “everything that is cursed, cherem (glorified “vow”), which under a curse a person gives to Jehovah from his property, whether a person, a beast, or a field...” The cursed thing - cherem, firstly, is “qodesch qodaschim lajhovah, “the great shrine of the Lord” and, as such, in no way can be the subject of a person’s possession or use ( Lev.27:28); secondly, the cursed thing - a person or an animal - cannot remain alive, but must be put to death (Lev.27:29). In order for the doom of a person to have a moral basis and religious sanctification, among the people of God it could extend to persons and nations hostile to the Kingdom of God (cf. Num. 21.2; Deut. 12.16; Josh. 6:17, 7.12; 1 Kings 15.18–19; 1 Kings 20.42). Lev.27:30. And every tithe of the earth, of the seed of the earth, and of the fruit of the tree, belongeth unto the LORD: it is holy unto the LORD; Lev.27:31. If anyone wants to redeem his tithe, then let him add a fifth of it to the price. Lev.27:32. And every tithe of herds and flocks, of all that passes under the rod, the tenth, must be dedicated to the Lord; Lev.27:33. should not determine whether something is good or bad, and should not replace it; if someone replaces it, then both it and its replacement will be holy and cannot be redeemed. Tithing was not a curse; together with the firstborn and the firstfruits, the tithe was an obligatory theocratic offering to the sanctuary: “what passes under the rod is the tenth” (Lev. 27:32) is an everyday feature. You might be interested in: