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1–14. Rites of initiation of high priests and priests and sacrifice for them. 15–18. Burnt offering. 19–37. Initiation sacrifice. 38–44. About daily sacrifices. 45–46. The Lord's promise to dwell among the children of Israel. Ex.29:1. This is what you must do to them in order to consecrate them as priests to Me: take one bullock and two rams without blemish, Exodus 29:2. and unleavened bread, and unleavened bread mixed with oil, and unleavened cakes anointed with oil: make them of wheat flour, Exodus 29:3. And put them in one basket, and bring them in the basket, and together a bull and two rams. Preparatory actions for initiation. Bringing sacrificial animals to the tabernacle: a bullock for a sin offering (Exodus 29:14), a ram for a burnt offering (Exodus 29:18), and a second ram for a sacrifice of consecration (Lev.8:22). Along with bloody sacrifices, bloodless sacrifices in the most important forms must also be offered (Lev. 2:16), according to which the appropriate material is prepared for it. Ex.29:4. Bring Aaron and his sons to the entrance of the Tent of Meeting, and wash them with water. Exodus 29:5. And take the [holy] garments, and clothe Aaron with the tunic and the robe, the ephod and the breastplate, and gird him with the ephod; Exodus 29:6. and place the miter on his head, and fasten the diadem of the holy thing on the miter; Exodus 29:7. and take the anointing oil and pour it on his head and anoint him. Exodus 29:8. And bring his sons also and clothe them in tunics; Exodus 29:9. And you will gird them with a belt, Aaron and his sons, and put bandages on them, and the priesthood will belong to them according to the statute forever; and fill the hands of Aaron and his sons. The first act of initiation is washing with water, vesting and pouring out a libation of oil. Each particular occasion of the service of Aaron and his sons at the tabernacle was preceded by the washing of hands and feet (Ex. 30:18–21, 40:30–32). And since initiation introduced into service, was the beginning of it, then service in general is preceded by washing not the whole body, which implies indecent exposure in the presence of all the people (Lev. 8: 3, 6), but by analogy with the usual - washing of hands and feet. Being an indication of the need for bodily purity, it also spoke of the spiritual purity that initiates should be distinguished by as servants of God. The service at the tabernacle is preceded by washing; it also requires appropriate clothing (Ex. 28:3–4). Therefore, as future ministers of the tabernacle, first Aaron, and then his sons, put on the robes of priesthood and receive the first signs of their rank. The purpose of anointing Aaron with specially prepared oil (Ex. 30:22–25), poured abundantly on his head (Ps. 133:2), was to “sanctify” the anointed (Ex. 30:30, Lev. 8:12). Just as the most sanctified ointment stood out from the circle of everyday objects (Ex. 30:32–33), so the things and persons anointed with it were sanctified and designated for sacred purposes. This term is used in this sense in the remark about the high priest: “he has anointing oil on his head, and he is sanctified to put on the sacred garments” (Lev. 21:10, cf. Exod. 29:12). According to others, the anointing served as a sign of imparting to Aaron the special grace-filled powers necessary for him to carry out his ministry. But the Bible does not provide grounds for such an understanding. Whether the vesting of Aaron's sons was accompanied by anointing is not discussed either in this chapter or in Chapter 8, which is parallel to it. book Leviticus. As for other places covering this issue, there is disagreement between them. While, according to the instructions of some, Lev.6:6, 8–9 (Lev.6:13, 15 Heb.), Lev.16:32, 21:10, 12 speaks of the anointing of the sons of Aaron (Exodus 28:41, 30:30, 40:14–15, Lev.10:6–7, Num. 3:3). If the first two and last places can raise doubts about the identity of the anointing of the priests with the anointing of the high priest, then the third and fourth leave no room for it. “Anoint them,” says Ex. 40:15, “as you anointed their father.” Aaron and his sons, Eleazar and Ithamar, must not indulge in grief over the dead Nadab and Abihu and leave the tabernacle, “because the anointing oil of the Lord is on them” (Lev. 10:7). Exodus 29:10. And you shall bring the bullock before the tabernacle of the congregation, and Aaron and his sons shall lay their hands on the head of the bullock [before the Lord at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation]; Exodus 29:11. and you shall kill the bullock before the Lord at the entrance of the tabernacle of meeting; Exodus 29:12. take the blood of the bull and put it with your finger on the horns of the altar, and pour all the [rest] blood at the base of the altar; Exodus 29:13. Take all the fat that covers the entrails, and the caul of the liver, and the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, and burn them on the altar. Exodus 29:14. and you shall burn the flesh of the bull and his skin and his excrement in the fire outside the camp: this is a sin offering. Exodus 29:15. And take one ram, and Aaron and his sons will lay their hands on the head of the ram; Exodus 29:16. and kill the ram, and take his blood, and sprinkle it on all sides of the altar; Exodus 29:17. cut the ram into pieces, wash his entrails and his legs [in water], and place them on his cut parts and on his head; Exodus 29:18. and burn the whole ram on the altar. It is a burnt offering to the Lord, a sweet savor, a sacrifice to the Lord. Exodus 29:19. Take another ram also, and Aaron and his sons will lay their hands on the ram’s head; Exodus 29:20. And you shall kill the ram, and take its blood, and put it on the edge of Aaron's right ear, and on the edge of the right ear of his sons, and on the thumb of their right hand, and on the big toe of their right foot. and sprinkle the blood on all sides of the altar; Exodus 29:21. And take the blood that is on the altar, and the anointing oil, and sprinkle it on Aaron, and on his clothes, and on his sons, and on the clothes of his sons with him, and he and his clothes, and his sons, and their clothes with him, will be sanctified. Exodus 29:22. And take from the ram the fat, and the fat tail, and the fat that covers the entrails, and the caul from the liver, and both kidneys, and the fat that is on them, the right shoulder [for this is the ram of the conferring of the priesthood], Exodus 29:23. and one round loaf, one cake of oil, and one unleavened bread from the basket that was before the Lord, Exodus 29:24. and put everything in the hands of Aaron and in the hands of his sons, and offer it, shaking it before the Lord; Exodus 29:25. and take it from their hands, and burn it on the altar with the burnt offering, for a savor unto the Lord: it is an offering unto the Lord. Exodus 29:26. And take the breast of the ram, which is for Aaron, and offer it, shaking it before the Lord, and this will be your portion; Exodus 29:27. and sanctify the breast of the offering, which was shaken, and the shoulder of the offering, which was offered, from the ram of offering, which is for Aaron and for his sons - Exodus 29:28. and it shall be unto Aaron and his sons for an everlasting portion from the children of Israel, for it is a heave-wake; The offering shall be from the children of Israel with the peace offerings [of the children of Israel], their offering shall be to the Lord. The second act of consecration, the offering of sacrifices, introduced Aaron and his sons into the office and rights of the priesthood to which they had been separated by previous acts. A similar meaning is connected with it based on the words of Exodus 29:9: “fill the hands of Aaron and his sons.” As can be seen from 1 Chronicles 29.5 and 2 Chronicles 29.31, the expression “filling your hands for the Most High” means: “stocking up with what is offered to God.” Aaron and his sons did not themselves stock up on “what is offered to the Lord,” in the present case, sacrifices, but through Moses: he “filled their hands,” i.e. through him they acquired victims and received the right to commit them. The blood of the sin offering, the bull, was not brought into the sanctuary, as was later required (Lev.4.5–7), but was only placed on the horns of the altar of burnt offerings. The reason for this was that the dedication of Aaron and his sons was not yet completed. He was not yet a high priest, and his sons were priests. The meat of the sin offering was, however, burned outside the camp, similar to when the blood of the sacrifice was brought into the sanctuary (Lev. 4.11-12). The explanation for this feature is as follows. According to the general rule, Moses, who was officiating in this case, should have eaten meat, but he could not eat the meat of the sin offering, since he was not a priest. The burnt offering was performed in compliance with the rites specified by the law (Lev.1.3, etc.). The first feature of the initiation sacrifice was the placing of its blood on the edge of the right ear and on the thumbs of the right hand and right foot of the initiates. The members with which the priests perform their ministry are anointed through the ear, hand and foot. The ear is anointed so that it can better hear the law and testimony of God; hand - so that it accurately fulfills the commandments of God and priestly duties; foot - so that she can walk blamelessly in the sanctuary. “All members of the right side will be anointed,” says Cyril of Alexandria, and, as it were, in their last part, i.e. at the edges: the edge, it is said, of the ear, as well as the legs and arms, because every good deed is noble and right, has nothing as if left or vicious and reaches to the edges, i.e. to the end or to the whole, for those dedicated to God must be right in sanctification and to the end in patience, and it is very unreasonable to turn back, as if not daring to complete the good.” The second feature of the sacrifice of initiation was the sprinkling of blood mixed with the ointment on the initiates and their clothes. Clothes indicate a well-known position, and the position indicates a person dressed in a certain way. Personality and clothing together thus form the priest. Therefore, the consecration of both had to be accomplished at the same time. When concluding the covenant at Sinai, it was enough to sprinkle the people with one sacrificial blood, without adding oil to it, since the people were not obliged to undergo any special duties; meanwhile, with the ordination of priests, a special ministry was entrusted to them; Therefore, it was necessary to add the sanctifying effect of the world to the cleansing power of blood. The laying on the hands of the priests of those parts of the sacrificial animal that must be sacrificed to God, as well as the grain offering in three types (bread, pancake and cake) and the shaking of all this before burning on the altar, means the presentation of the dedicated sacrifices, which they will have to bring to the Most High, or - endowing them with gifts that they, as priests, will always have to offer to God. This is precisely the meaning that is acquired by these ritual actions by the expression Exodus 29:22: “[this is the ram of the conferment of the priesthood].” Moses, as having performed the entire ritual of sacrifice instead of Aaron and his sons and this time representing the entire priesthood in his person, received that share of the sacrifice that belonged to all the priests, namely the chest of shock (Lev.8.29, etc.). By the very act of raising and exalting the breast and thigh, they are sanctified and removed from general use, from use by uninitiated people. They lift themselves up to the Lord: “this is a lift-up.” What is offered to the Lord cannot be returned to the benefit of the laity who brought it; God Himself gives what is offered to Him to His sanctified servants. Therefore, what was now received in favor of Moses, subsequently, for the future, should be given to the high priest - Aaron and his sons - the priests. Exodus 29:29. And the sacred garments, which are for Aaron, will pass after him to his sons, in order to anoint them with them and confer upon them the priesthood; Ex.29:30. seven days shall the [great] priest of his sons who take his place, who shall enter into the tabernacle of meeting to minister in the sanctuary, wear them. Just as certain portions of the peace offering go to the benefit of not only Aaron and his sons, but also all future high priests and priests, so the vestments are intended not only for Aaron, but also for all his successors. In this ancestral vestment they would be anointed and given the priesthood for seven days. Exodus 29:31. Take the ram of delivery and cook its meat in the holy place; Exodus 29:32. and Aaron and his sons shall eat the flesh of this ram from the basket at the door of the tabernacle of meeting, Exodus 29:33. for through this purification was accomplished for conferring upon them the priesthood and for their consecration; a stranger should not eat this, for it is holy; Like any peace offering, the sacrifice of consecration ended with a meal (cf. Lev. 7.15, etc.). And if the meal expressed the idea of ​​​​communion, then in the present case it indicated that Aaron and his sons were accepted into a special priestly union with God, in the benefits and blessings of which no one could have a part except purified priests. Therefore, no outsider could taste it. Exodus 29:34. If there is any left over from the meat of the delivery and from the bread until the morning, then burn the remainder on the fire: you must not eat it, for it is holy. The commandment to burn the remaining meat and bread had to be carried out by the initiates themselves (Lev.8.32). The reason why it is forbidden to eat the leftover meat from the ram of dedication and from the loaves the next day is indicated in the words: “for this is holy.” What remained by another day could either be from an accidental oversight in saving, or from the action of air, etc. undergo some change, damage, or not completely reverent storage (Lev.7.19, etc.). The order to burn the remains protected the shrine from such accidents. Exodus 29:35. And thou shalt do to Aaron and to his sons in all things as I commanded thee; in seven days fill their hands. In order for the sanctification to be complete and perfect, Aaron and his sons had to remain at the tabernacle seven days without leaving (Lev.8.33). All of them were days of dedication, and on each of them the same rites were repeated that took place on the first day (Lev. 8.33-34). Exodus 29:36. And you shall offer a bullock for sin every day for atonement, and you shall offer a sin offering on the altar for atonement thereof, and anoint it for sanctifying it; Exodus 29:37. seven days you shall cleanse the altar and sanctify it, and the altar will be greatly holy: everything that touches the altar will be sanctified. The sacrifice of a calf for the sin of those dedicated (Exodus 29:1, 14) also had another meaning - it served as a means of cleansing and consecrating the altar. It will be cleansed and sanctified, firstly, by the sacrifice itself, and secondly, by anointing it with oil (Lev.8.10-11). Anointing with sacred oil set everything apart from the circle of objects and phenomena of everyday life (Ex. 30.29). The consecration and cleansing of the altar must be carried out, like the dedication of Aaron, within seven days. Exodus 29:38. This is what you will offer on the altar: two lambs a year old [without blemish] every day continually [as an everlasting sacrifice]; Exodus 29:39. One lamb you shall offer in the morning, and another lamb you shall offer in the evening, The command to consecrate the altar is followed by an indication of what sacrifices should be offered daily on the altar, as soon as it and the sacred persons receive consecration. For the ever-present daily burnt offering (Exod. 29:42), two one-year-old lambs are appointed (cf. Num. 28.3, etc.); one should be brought in the morning, at the beginning of the day, at about seven o'clock, the other in the evening (“between the evenings” (Ex. 12.6)). Both the beginning and the end of the day are sanctified by an expression of complete devotion to God. Exodus 29:40. and a tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with a quarter of a hin of beaten oil, and for a drink offering a quarter of a hin of wine, for one lamb; Exodus 29:41. offer another lamb in the evening, with a meal offering similar to that of the morning, and with the same drink offering, offer it as a sweet-smelling offering as a sacrifice to the Lord. According to the general law of Numbers. 15, the blood sacrifice is combined with a grain offering, for which 1/10 ephah of wheat flour, 1/4 hin of beaten oil and the same amount of wine are assigned. The objects of the bloodless sacrifice were the main means given by the Creator (Ps. 103.14, 15) for the preservation of human life and for earthly contentment, and therefore in it the main idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe sacrifice found the full, most visual expression - the thought of self-sacrifice. Ex.29:42. This is a continual burnt offering throughout your generations at the door of the tabernacle of meeting before the Lord, where I will make myself known to you to speak with you; The constant fulfillment of the law of daily burnt offerings is again made an everlasting duty to the Jewish people, and the reason for this is also indicated. It consists in the fact that in the tabernacle of meeting the Lord will reveal His special presence, will reveal Himself and speak. A reverent attitude towards His presence should be expressed, among other things, by the unforgettable offering of daily sacrifices to Him. Exodus 29:43. There I will reveal myself to the children of Israel, and this place will be sanctified by My glory. Such a reverent attitude is all the more necessary because the tabernacle serves as the place of the revelation of the Lord not only to Moses, but also to the other sons of Israel. The constant manifestation of the glory of God will sanctify the tabernacle and make it a holy place. Ex.29:44. And I will consecrate the tabernacle of meeting and the altar; I will also sanctify Aaron and his sons, that they may serve as priests to Me; If God Himself sanctifies the tabernacle with His presence, and sanctifies those who serve Him, then the sons of Israel must unacceptably testify to their reverence for the Divine dwelling in their sanctuary by offering the commanded sacrifices as a gift of love, gratitude and obedience. You might be interested in: