Глава 26

1–14. The commandment about the construction of the coverings of the tabernacle. 15–30. Construction of the wooden frame of the tabernacle. 31–37. Internal and external curtains. Exodus 26:1. And thou shalt make the tabernacle of ten curtains of fine woven linen, and of blue, purple, and scarlet wool, and thou shalt make cherubim on them with cunning work; The first of the coverings of the tabernacle, the so-called lower, internal one, in its material was similar to the multi-colored curtain separating the sanctuary from the Holy of Holies (Ex. 26:31). It was made by work "choscheb" in Greek. “ἔργον ὑφάντου” (Exodus 36:35), which, according to ancient legend, had the peculiarity that it gave the fabric two different views from the front and back. On one side, images of cherubs were embroidered across a three-color field. Exodus 26:2. the length of each curtain was twenty-eight cubits, and the breadth of each curtain was four cubits: the measure was one for all curtains. Exodus 26:3. Let the five curtains be connected to one another, and the other five curtains connected to one another. Just as the walls of the tabernacle were made of separate beams, the covering of the tabernacle consisted of ten separate strips, each 28 cubits long and 4 cubits wide. These individual narrow stripes were then sewn together to form two large panels, each consisting of five stripes. Ex.26:4. Make [to them] blue loops at the edge of the first blanket, connecting both halves at the end; do the same on the edge of the last blanket connecting both halves; Ex.26:5. Make fifty loops on one curtain, and make fifty loops on the edge of the curtain that connects to the other; the loops must match one another; Exodus 26:6. And thou shalt make fifty gold hooks, and with the hooks thou shalt connect the curtains one to another, and the tabernacle shall be one whole. The two large stripes thus formed, 28 cubits long and 20 cubits wide, were no longer sewn together, but were connected using 100 blue loops, located 50 in each strip, loop against loop, and connected by 50 gold hooks. By joining both halves in this manner, one cover was obtained, 28 cubits long and 40 cubits wide. Having such dimensions, the cover was placed on the beams of the walls of the tabernacle in such a way that its width (40 cubits) fell on the length of the entire building and on the rear western wall. It was one half of the cover, with its 20-cubit width, that covered twenty cubits of the sanctuary, ten cubits of the second covered the Holy of Holies, and the remaining ten went to the west side, which was exactly ten cubits in height (Ex. 26:16). The right to such an understanding will be given by Article 33; from his indication that the curtain dividing the holy of holies from the sanctuary hung just under the hooks that connected the two halves of the cover of 20 cubits each, it undoubtedly follows that the first twenty cubits covered the space up to the holy of holies, i.e. sanctuary. And since the tabernacle was 30 cubits long (Exodus 26:16, 18), the length of the Holy of Holies required only ten cubits of coverings from the remaining 20 cubits. The remaining ten covered the back side not all the way to the ground, since from them it is necessary to subtract the part that accounted for the thickness of the beams. With its length, the lower cover covered the width of the tabernacle. But since its length was 28 cubits, and the width of the tabernacle, counting 10 cubits from the top and 20 cubits to the height of the two sides, was equal to 30 cubits, then in both the northern and southern sides, as well as on the western side, it did not reach the ground by more than a cubit: and in this case, part of the missing two cubits went to the thickness of the beams. This phenomenon was not accidental, but intentional: the fabric with the image of cherubs should not have descended to the very ground and collected dust. Exodus 26:7. And thou shalt make curtains of goats' hair to cover the tabernacle; Make eleven curtains like these; Exodus 26:8. The length of one curtain is thirty cubits, and the width is four cubits; this is one curtain: for eleven curtains there is one measure. The second row of bedspreads, on top of the lower cover, consisted of eleven separate strips made of goat hair. In its length of 30 cubits, it exceeded the lower cover by two cubits, and in width (44 liters) by four. Exodus 26:9. And unite five curtains separately and six curtains separately; The sixth curtain you shall make double on the front side of the tabernacle. Five of the cavities were sewn into one blanket, and the remaining six into another. The sixth cavity in this blanket had this purpose. One half of it, i.e. two cubits, was assigned, according to Ex. 26:12, for the back - western side of the tabernacle. Thanks to this, 10 1/2 curtains, which had a width of 42 cubits, covered forty cubits the length of the tabernacle: twenty cubits went to cover the sanctuary, ten - the Holy of Holies, and twelve to cover the ten cubits of the west side. An extra two cubits were required in order to cover it all the way to the ground, to cover that part of the pillars for which the lower covers were too short. Actually, these two elbows went to the thickness of the beams, and since, in all likelihood, there were many of them, the remainder was bent. The other half of the surplus sixth cavity was lowered to the front, eastern side of the tabernacle. Here she is thought to have formed what in Greek buildings was called "αἔτωμα" i.e. the protrusion formed by the lower edge of the roof on the façade sides, in the form of a triangular cornice. Exodus 26:10. Make fifty loops on the edge of the outermost blanket, to connect it with the other, and fifty loops [make] on the edge of the other blanket, to connect it with it; Exodus 26:11. make fifty brass hooks, and put the hooks in the loops, and join the cover so that it is one. On the edge of the last of the five bedspreads sewn together and on the edge of the six bedspreads sewn together, fifty loops were made, which should, as in leather bedspreads, be located one against the other. Copper hooks inserted into these loops connected the cover. Exodus 26:12. And the excess that remains from the curtains of the tabernacles - half of the surplus curtain shall be hung on the back side of the tabernacle; Exodus 26:13. and the excess of the length of the curtains of the tabernacle, a cubit on one side and a cubit on the other, shall be hung on the sides of the tabernacle on both sides, to cover it. The cavities of the second covering were 30 cubits long (Ex. 26:8) and therefore could cover the width of the tabernacle. Compared to the length of the cavities of the lower cover, they had an “excess” of two cubits - they went down one cubit below the colored curtains on both the northern and southern sides of the tabernacle, and thus covered that part of the longitudinal pillars, for covering which the first ones were short. Exodus 26:14. And make a covering for the covering from red ram skins, and another outer covering from blue skins. After the second covering was spread, the outside of the tabernacle was already completely ready. But in this form it could suffer from winter rains and frequent hurricanes in the Arabian Desert. In view of this, two other, more durable covers are assigned to it. As completely unartificial, they are not described in detail; the text indicates only their material. One was morocco, “made of red lamb skins,” the other, the top one, was made of “takhash” material. Exodus 26:15. And thou shalt make the beams of shittim wood for the tabernacle, that they may stand: Exodus 26:16. [make] a beam ten cubits long, and one and a half cubits wide for each beam; The wooden frame of the tabernacle consisted of beams made from Arabian acacia. Speaking about the length (10 cubits) and width (1 1/2 l.) of the beams, the text does not mention their thickness. It can be derived from other definitely known quantities. As can be seen from Ex. 26:22–23, on the west side of the tabernacle there were eight beams, which, with a width of each 1 1/2 cubits, made 12 cubits. But this 12-cubit width of the tabernacle was not its internal width. According to the unanimous testimony of Philo, Josephus and all Jewish tradition, the tabernacle had an internal width of ten cubits. Twelve cubits was therefore the outer width of the tabernacle. An internal 10-cubit could only be obtained if the longitudinal walls, resting against the edges of the rear or transverse side, were subtracted from its 12-cubit measure by one cubit on one side and the other. This latter was possible only if the beams that made them were one cubit thick. Exodus 26:17. Each beam has two tenons [at the ends], one opposite the other: do this to all the beams of the tabernacle. Each beam ended at the bottom with two “iodotes” - handles, two tenons. Exodus 26:18. So make the beams for the tabernacle: twenty beams for the noon side south, Exodus 26:19. and under the twenty beams thou shalt make forty sockets of silver: two sockets under one beam for its two tenons, and two sockets under the other beam for its two tenons; Exodus 26:20. and twenty beams for the other side of the tabernacle towards the north, Exodus 26:21. and for them there were forty sockets of silver: two sockets [for its two tenons] under one beam, and two sockets under the other beam [for its two tenons]; Forty beams were assigned for the longitudinal, northern and southern sides of the tabernacle, twenty for each. Since the width of each beam was one and a half cubits, the beams placed tightly together should have formed a solid wall thirty cubits in length. Each spike corresponded to a special stand with a hole made according to the measurements of the spike, into which it was inserted as into its base. Thanks to this, the pillars received a certain amount of stability. The bases of the pillars of the tabernacle differed from the bases of the court in that they were not copper, but silver, and a talent of silver was spent on each of them (Ex. 38:27). Their shape is unknown. Exodus 26:22. for the back side of the tabernacle towards the west, make six beams Exodus 26:23. and make two beams for the corners of the tabernacle on the back side; Exodus 26:24. they should be joined at the bottom and joined at the top to one ring: so it should be with both of them; for both angles let them be; Exodus 26:25. and so there will be eight beams, and for them there will be sixteen silver sockets: two sockets under one beam, and two sockets under the other beam [for its two tenons]. Of the eight beams on the rear side, six had the same appearance as the beams of the longitudinal walls, but the remaining two corner ones were different from the others. The text says the following about them: “and make two beams for the corners of the tabernacle on two sides, so that they will be twins on the bottom and whole on top, to one ring.” According to the most plausible explanation, this passage has this meaning. The corner pillars should express the artistic architectural parallelism known to builders (to be “twins”, similar, “ἴσοι” in Greek translation), from their very foundation onwards. But at the same time they should not lose anything that is characteristic of other bars; on the contrary, they should have the same full significance in the counting of the beams and, like all the other beams, be subject to the general system of strengthening the tabernacle, contributing their individual rings to the general rows of rings and bolts. Exodus 26:26. And thou shalt make poles of shittim wood, five [poles] for the beams of one side of the tabernacle, Exodus 26:27. and five poles for the beams of the other side of the tabernacle, and five poles for the beams of the back side behind the tabernacle, towards the west; Exodus 26:28. and the inner pole will run along the middle of the beams from one end to the other; Exodus 26:29. and thou shalt overlay the beams with gold, and thou shalt make the rings for putting in the poles of gold, and thou shalt overlay the poles with gold. Inserted with their spikes into the supports, the beams received stability below, at their base. To provide them with stability throughout the rest of the length, poles were used, five on each side. Since the poles were threaded through rings, they were obviously round. One of them is called “internal, passing through the middle of the beams,” or more precisely, “through the thickness of the beams,” through holes drilled in the beams themselves. Accordingly, four other poles had to go along the outer, front side of the walls of the tabernacle. The remark about the fifth pole, that it went from one end to the other, indicates its length to be equal to the length of the entire tabernacle. And since other poles, like him, were supposed to hold together the beams, there is no reason to imagine them shorter. As for the location of the poles, the text does not talk about it. One can only think that the “inner” pole ran along the very middle of the height of the beams, at an equal distance from the bottom and top. The remaining four were located in such a way that two were below the “inner” one, at an equal distance from it and from each other, and the other two were above it. Exodus 26:30. And you shall build the tabernacle according to the pattern that was shown to you on the mountain. Exodus 26:31. And thou shalt make a curtain of blue, purple, and scarlet wool, and fine woven linen; Cherubim must be made on it with skillful work; Exodus 26:32. and hang it on four pillars of shittim, overlaid with gold, with hooks of gold, on four sockets of silver; Exodus 26:33. and hang the veil on hooks, and bring in there the ark of the testimony within the veil; and a curtain will separate you from the Holy of Holies. Exodus 26:34. And put the mercy seat on the ark of the testimony in the Holy of Holies. In the tabernacle, at a distance of 20 cubits from the entrance, hung a curtain of the same material and workmanship as the lower curtains (Ex. 26:1). Established on four pillars of shittim wood overlaid with gold, it divided the interior of the tabernacle into two parts: the front one, 20 cubits long, 10 cubits wide and high, called the “sanctuary,” and the western part, 10 cubits cubed, called the “Holy of Holies.” Exodus 26:35. And thou shalt place the table without the veil, and the lamp against the table on the south side of the tabernacle; set the table on the north side [of the tabernacle]. About the belonging of the sanctuary - the altar of incense, it is said that it stood in front of the veil, which is “before the ark of the testimony, against the mercy seat, which is on the ark of the testimony” (Ex. 30:6, 40:5); he appears, as it were, preceding the Ark of the Covenant, standing at the transition from the sanctuary to the Holy of Holies. If it is noted about the other two accessories - the table and the lamp - that they were outside the veil, then this means that they stood further from the veil than the altar and not in the middle of the width of the tabernacle, but on the sides, one to the right, the other to the left of the altar. Exodus 26:36. And thou shalt make the curtain of the entrance of the tabernacle of blue, and purple, and scarlet wool, and of fine woven linen; There was no wooden wall on the east entrance side of the tabernacle. It was not covered by covers either: the lower one did not hang over the eastern side at all, and the second one went down in a small part. In view of this, to block the eastern side and to form the entrance to the sanctuary, a rainbow curtain was spread here, which did not differ in material from the curtain of the courtyard. According to Josephus, it extended from above only to half the walls of the tabernacle. But this instruction is understood in the sense that the veil had special devices in the form of loops and hooks, with the help of which it was raised for the duration of the service. Exodus 26:37. And thou shalt make five pillars of shittim for the curtain, and overlay them with gold; the hooks for them are gold; and pour out for them five sockets of brass. To establish the curtain, five columns were placed on the eastern side. Since they were given one base each, and the beams of the walls of the tabernacle had two each, they conclude from this that the columns were narrower than the beams. And indeed, if the width of each of them were equal to 1 1/2 cubits, then the five columns would absorb seven and a half cubits from the width of the sanctuary; the spaces provided for entry would be too narrow. You might be interested in: