Aid to the pious reader when reading the Holy Gospel

Contents Contents of the four Gospels Gospel of Matthew Gospel of Mark Gospel of Luke Gospel of John A brief explanation of the places where the Lord Jesus Christ stayed and passed during His earthly life in Palestine This word should be addressed to every Christian: read the Gospel and do not forget about it all the days of your life. Young and old, seeking faith and wanting to preserve it, read the Gospel. Any educational book of sacred history can only distort the simplicity and greatness of the Gospel word, which alone goes directly into the soul that believes and strives for faith and carries with it the truth of belief and feeling. The Gospel tells about the earthly life of our Lord Jesus Christ in Palestine, and it is naturally desirable to read the Gospel, imagining it in those places where the Lord Jesus stayed and passed, working miracles and bringing the message of love and peace and truth to the people. In this book, the pious reader can find a brief explanation of those places in ancient Palestine where the Lord dwelt in His earthly life. K[onstantin] P[obedonostsev]. Contents of the Four Gospels 1. Genealogy of Jesus Christ. Nativity of Jesus. After the betrothal, it turned out that Mary was pregnant with the Holy Spirit. Joseph is tempted, but an angel tells him the truth about Jesus in a dream, fulfilling the prophecy. Then Joseph took in his wife, and she gave birth to his firstborn son, who was named Jesus. 2. Born in Bethlehem during the days of King Herod. The star brings the wise men to Jerusalem to worship Him. Herod is worried about the prophecy that the Leader of the people will be born in Bethlehem. Sends the Magi to Bethlehem to scout. The star leads them to their birthplace. They worship the Child, bring gifts and do not return to Herod. At the inspiration of the Angel, Joseph goes with the Child and Mother to Egypt, where he remains until the death of Herod. Massacre of the infants in Bethlehem and its borders and Rama. After the death of Herod, Joseph returned to the land of Israel, but did not go to Judea out of fear from Archelaus 1, son of Herod, but went to Galilee and settled in Nazareth. 3. John the Baptist comes and preaches repentance in the Judean desert. Baptism of those who come to him in the Jordan. He denounces the Pharisees and Sadducees 2, proclaims the wrath of the Lord against the unrepentant and preaches the Mighty One who walks on him. Jesus comes to him from Galilee. John baptizes Him, and sees the Spirit descending in the form of a dove, and hears a voice from heaven. Jesus is led by the Spirit into the wilderness and fasts for forty days. Temptation from the devil. The Devil leaves Him and the Angel comes. And hearing that John was in prison, he left Nazareth and settled in Capernaum, within the borders of Zebulun and Nephalim. Since that time he has been preaching repentance and the Kingdom of Heaven. 4. Passing near the Sea of ​​Galilee, he calls upon two fishermen, Simon and Andrew, to be fishers of men. They leave everything and follow Him. Jesus walks around Galilee, teaching in synagogues and healing the sick. Such are brought to Him from all over Syria, and many people follow Him from Galilee, the Decapolis, Jerusalem, Judea and beyond the Jordan. 5. Sermon on the Mount to the people and disciples. Bliss. You are the salt of the earth and the light of the world. Not a single line will pass away from the law. Do not be angry in vain, make peace with the enemy, about adultery and divorce. Don't swear at all. Don't resist evil. Love your enemies, be perfect. 6. Do alms in secret. Pray in secret, without showing off to people. The Lord's Prayer. Forgiving people of their sins. Do not appear to people who are fasting. Don't accumulate treasures for yourself. The lamp of the body is the eye. Two masters cannot work. Don't worry about tomorrow. 7. Don't judge your neighbor. A speck in your brother's eye and a log in your own. Do not throw the sacred thing to the dogs. Ask and it will be given to you. Enter by the narrow gate, do not seek the wide one. Beware of false prophets. Know the tree by its fruits. He who does the will of the Father will enter the Kingdom, not in word, but in deed. Building on sand and stone. Jesus teaches as one who has authority. 8. Jesus cleanses the lepers. In Capernaum, the centurion asks his servant to be healed. Centurion's faith. Jesus heals the slave with a word spoken to the centurion. In Petrov's house he heals his mother-in-law from illness and many sick people. From the multitude of people he swims to the other side. The scribe who wants to follow Him is taught to leave home care. There is a storm on the ship's way. Christ calms the turbulence of the sea. On the other side, in the region of Gergesinsky, there are two demoniacs; demons entered the herd of swine, and it drowned in the waters. Fear of city dwellers. 9 . Returns to His city (Capernaum). He heals the paralytic and forgives his sins. Convicts the scribes of the power to forgive sins. Calls Matthew from the Mytnitsa. The Pharisee condemns Him for eating with tax collectors and sinners. Jesus denounces them, desiring mercy, not sacrifice. Teaching to John's disciples about fasting. The parable of old and new wineskins. A certain prince calls Him into the house to revive his dead daughter. On the way, a bleeding woman was healed by touching His garment. He enters the house and resurrects the dead girl. On the way, he heals two blind men and casts out a demon from a mute man possessed by a demon. Preaches in cities and villages. He has mercy on the people who wander like sheep without a shepherd. The harvest is plentiful, the laborers are few. 10. Having called twelve disciples, he sends them with the gift of healings to preach to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. Gives instructions on how to stay in those places where they will stop, and where they will be accepted, and where they will not be accepted. It foretells persecution and bonds for them - do not be afraid. He did not bring peace to earth, but division. Confessing Christ before men. He is unworthy who does not accept his cross and loves his family more than Christ. 11. Jesus teaches and preaches in the cities of His disciples. John sends disciples to Him to ask Him if He Christ. Jesus orders John to report what they see and hear. He tells the people about John. He is greater than the prophet and he is Elijah who must come. A parable about children calling each other in the marketplace. The temptation of mankind concerning John and the son of man. He reproaches the unrepentant cities - Chorazin, Bethsaida, Capernaum and proclaims their destruction more than Tire and Sidon and the land of Sodom. Confession before the Father about the mysteries revealed to infants. My yoke is easy and my burden is light. 12. They pass through the fields; The disciples pick and eat ears of corn on the Sabbath. The Pharisees are tempted about the Sabbath. Jesus rebukes them and teaches them about the Sabbath. In the synagogue on the Sabbath he heals a man with a withered arm and reproaches a murmuring man with the parable of a sheep that fell into a pit. The advice of the Pharisees to destroy Him, then leaves from there and heals many people, forbidding Him to be declared. Prophecy: “No one at the crossroads will hear His voice.” Heals the demoniac, the blind and the dumb. He denounces the speeches of the Pharisees, as if He casts out demons by the power of Beelzebub. Parable of a Divided Kingdom. Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit. From the fruits the tree is known, and from the good and the evil heart. The scribes and Pharisees seek a sign from Him. He answers the adulterous generation with the sign of Jonah. The Prophet preaches more than Jonah, and they do not repent. A parable about an unclean spirit returning to a person with seven fierce spirits. They call Him out of the house to His Mother and brothers, but He points to the disciples and those who do the will of the Father: she is more than the mother and brothers. 13. Jesus sits in a ship by the sea and from the ship teaches the people on the shore in parables. Parable of the Sower and its interpretation. Answer to the disciples why He teaches in parables. A parable about a field in which, in the midst of good seed, man’s enemy sowed tares. Interpretation of the parable. The parable of the mustard seed and the leaven. A parable about a treasure hidden in a field, a pearl of great price. A parable about a net that captured fish of all kinds. Their analysis is similar to the analysis of the righteous and the evil at the end of the age. Then Jesus went to His fatherland (Nazareth). He teaches in the synagogue. But people say: He is a simple carpenter’s Son, and they are offended by Him. And he did not create many powers there because of their unbelief. 14. Herod the Tetrarch (Antipas, son of Herod the Great) 3 heard about Jesus and thinks that it was John, whom he killed, who rebelled. Herod put John in prison and then, promising his daughter Herodias his head, he ordered him to be beheaded in prison. John's disciples came to tell Jesus; and when they heard that He had gone alone by ship into a deserted place, the people followed Him on foot. Heals the sick. In the evening, not wanting to let the people go, he feeds them with five loaves and two fish, five thousand people. He sent the students on a ship to the other side. At night there is a rough sea, and Jesus follows them on the sea. Peter, hoping, goes to meet Him and drowns, but Jesus supported him. The disciples worship Him: truly You are the Son of God. Arrived in the land of Gennesaret. They bring the sick to Him for healing. 15. The scribes and Pharisees from Jerusalem condemn the disciples for not washing their hands when they eat bread. Jesus denounces them for destroying the law because of their tradition, and preaches to the people that it is what comes out of the mouth, and not what enters, that defiles a person. Explains this to the students. Jesus departs to the countries of Tire and Sidon. Heals a Canaanite wife 4. The wife's speech is about dogs eating grains from the table. Transition to the Sea of ​​Galilee. On the mountain. Many people came with the sick and crippled. Jesus heals them. In order not to let people go without eating, he feeds four thousand with seven loaves and fishes. The ship comes to the borders of Magdalene. 16. The Pharisees and Sadducees ask Him to show a sign from heaven. He teaches that they can discern the face of the sky, but do not discern the signs of the times. The evil generation will only be given the sign of the prophet Jonah. While crossing, the disciples forgot to take the loaves. Jesus teaches them to beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees. Comes to the countries of Caesarea Philippi. He asks the disciples who people say that He, the Son of Man, is. Peter recognizes Him as Christ, the Son of the Living God. Jesus, praising him, proclaims that he will build a church on his rock and give him the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven. He proclaims to his disciples his sufferings in Jerusalem and his resurrection. Peter does not want to believe, but Jesus rebukes him. The word about the cross and that whoever loses his soul for His sake will save it. Soon they will see the Son of Man coming in His Kingdom. 17. Six days later he leads Peter, James and John to a high mountain. Transfiguration. Appearance of Moses and Elijah. Question from the disciples about Elijah. When they came to the people, the father brought his son, who was possessed. Jesus heals him. But the disciples could not cast out the demon. Jesus explains to them the reason. In Galilee, Jesus tells them that he will be delivered into the hands of men, and they will kill Him, and on the third day he will rise. In Capernaum. The collectors for the church demand didrachm from Him 5. He tells Peter to catch a fish and, opening its mouth, take charge 6 and pay. 18. To the disciples’ question: “Who is greatest in the Kingdom of Heaven?”, Jesus puts a child as an image of humility. About temptations and woe to the seducer. Jesus came to seek and save the lost. A parable about a man who lost one sheep from his entire flock, and his joy when he finds it. What to do when your brother sins against you. Whatever you bind and loose on earth, so will it be in heaven. Where two and three are gathered in My name, there I am in the midst of them. Peter teaches to forgive a brother who has sinned up to seventy times seventy times. A parable about a man who has a dispute with his slaves, his debtors. An unfaithful slave who refused to have mercy on the debtor, his comrade. 19. Jesus left Galilee and came to the borders of Judea on the other side of the Jordan. Heals the sick among the people. The Pharisees tempt Him about divorce. About the indissolubility of marriage and about marriages with a woman. About eunuchs. They bring children to Him. Forbids to forbid them. The question of the rich man is how he can have eternal life. When told about the distribution of property to the poor, the distressed man walks away. Words to the disciples: how difficult it is for a rich man to enter the Kingdom of God. The parable of the camel. Peter asks what will happen to them when they left everything and followed Him. Christ promises that they will receive it a hundredfold, that they will sit on twelve thrones. 20. A parable about an owner who hired workers for his vineyard and gave the late workers the same wages as the early workers. The first and the last. They ascend to Jerusalem. On the way, He announces His death and resurrection to the disciples. The request of the mother of the sons of Zebedee for their exaltation in His kingdom. The word of Jesus about the cup that they will drink and the baptism with which they will be baptized. A word about humility: whoever wants to be great, let him be a servant of all in the image of the Son of Man. Jericho passes. Healing of two blind men. 21. They approach Bethany and the Mount of Olives. Jesus sends two disciples to bring a colt, untying it. Entry of the Lord into Jerusalem. National celebration and hosanna shouts. Popular unrest. Jesus enters the church and drives out the merchants. Healings. Indignation of bishops and scribes. Included in Bethany. In the morning, on the way, according to his word, the fig tree dries up. A word to the disciples about the power of faith. Comes to the church. The bishops and elders ask him by what authority he does this. Jesus' response to John's baptism. A parable about two sons of an owner, one of whom refused to work and then went, and the other agreed and did not go. Publicans and fornicators will precede you into the Kingdom of God. 22. A parable about laborers who drove out and beat slaves sent to collect grapes, and then killed the owner’s son. About the cornerstone rejected by the builders. The incitement of the bishops and Pharisees against Him. Parable. The wedding feast of the king to his son. Those invited partly neglected the invitation, partly insulted and killed his slaves. Then the king ordered everyone from the crossroads to be gathered for a feast; but when he saw a man at the feast not dressed in wedding clothes, he executed him. Many are called, but few are chosen. The Pharisee and Herodian disciples tempt Jesus with the question: Is it worthy to give taxes to Caesar? Jesus gives them a coin. The Sadducees question the power of marriage in the resurrection. Jesus' answer about the spiritual power of the resurrection of the dead. The lawyer tempts Him about what is the great commandment in the law. Jesus' answer about the commandment to love God and neighbor. He asks the Pharisees why David 7 calls Christ, the Son of David, Lord. They don't know how to answer. 23. In a conversation to the people and to the students. Bitter denunciations of the scribes and Pharisees. Menacing portents of punishment. An appeal to Jerusalem, which does not accept the call to truth. 24. Upon leaving the church, the disciples show Him the church buildings. He announces the destruction of all buildings. On the Mount of Olives, in response to the question of the disciples about the signs of His coming, he announces the coming disasters and deceptions, and persecutions, the preaching of the Gospel throughout the whole earth, the appearance of the abomination of desolation and the great tribulation, and, finally, the appearance of the sign of the Son of Man and His coming in glory. Image of a fig tree. Preaches readiness for every hour. A parable about a slave waiting for the unexpected arrival of his master. 25. Parable of the Ten Virgins. About the coming of the Son of Man and the judgment of the nations. In His image He shows a wanderer, whom some fed, clothed, visited, others left without care. Mercy towards smaller brothers is a merit of one; insensitivity - judgment by others. 26. Having finished all these words, two days later He proclaims His tradition for crucifixion. The bishops and scribes confer in the courtyard of Caiaphas to take Jesus and beat him, but they are afraid on the holiday for the sake of the people. Jesus in Bethany. In the house of Simon the leper, a certain wife pours ointment on His head. The disciples are indignant at the waste, but Jesus praises his wife for preparing Him for burial. A word about the poor. Judas Iscariot goes to the bishops and promises to betray Him for thirty pieces of silver. On the first day of unleavened bread, Jesus sends his disciples into the city to a famous house to prepare the Passover. Easter supper. Jesus shows the traitor with bread. The Sacrament of the Body and Blood of the Lord - bread and wine. Having sung, they went to the Mount of Olives. On the way, he announces that they will be scattered, and orders them to wait for Him in Galilee after the resurrection. Peter, assuring his fidelity, is foreshadowed by his threefold renunciation. They come to Gethsemane. Taking from among the disciples both sons of Zebedee, he grieves and yearns. Double prayer to the Father for the cup. The students are sleeping. He began to pray for the third time. The disciples are excited, but Judas is already coming with many people and armed people. Judas betrays Him with a kiss. They took Jesus. The disciple wounds the bishop's servant with a sword, but Jesus reproaches the disciple and says to the people: why do you come as against a robber? The students ran away. They lead Jesus to Caiaphas, and Peter enters. They are looking for false witnesses and cannot find them. Finally, two say that He boasted of destroying and rebuilding the church of God in three days. Interrogation of Jesus by the bishop. They accuse Him of blasphemy, beat Him and curse Him. Peter's threefold denial. The rooster crowed, and Peter cried bitterly. 27. The next morning, the council of bishops and elders puts Jesus to death. Having tied him up, they took Him to Pilate. Judas, repentant, returns the thirty pieces of silver and hangs himself. The bishops bought the village of Skudelniche with this money. Jeremiah's prophecy. Interrogation of Jesus by Pilate. He is silent. Pilate offers to release Him for the holiday. And Pilate’s wife, having seen a dream, asks to let Him go. But the bishops aroused the people; with screams they ask to release the robber Barabbas instead. Pilate washes his hands of the people. And the people shout: His blood be on us and on our children. Then, beating, Pilate betrayed Jesus. The soldiers undressed Him, clothed Him in purple and put on a crown of thorns. They mock Him and spit on Him. They took off the scarlet robe, clothed Him in clothes and led Him away. Simon of Cyrene bears His cross. Calvary. They give you vinegar and bile to drink. They divide His garments by lot. Inscription on the cross. They crucified two thieves with Him. Blasphemy of passers-by and bishops: save yourself, come down from the cross. And the crucified thieves curse Him. Darkness from the fifth hour to the ninth. At the ninth hour Jesus cried out: My God, God! They give you something to drink on a sponge. Jesus gave up his spirit. The veil in the church was torn. The stones have settled. Many dead have risen. Confession of the centurion and the guard. The women and many look on from afar: Mary Magdalene and Mary, the mother of James and Josiah, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee. Joseph of Arimathea asks for the Body and, having wrapped it around it, lays it in a new tomb, rolling down a stone. Mary Magdalene and the other Mary saw. The next day, at the request of the bishops, a guard was assigned to the coffin for up to three days, so that the disciples would not steal the bodies. A seal was applied to the stone. 28. On Saturday evening at dawn on the first day of the week, Mary Magdalene and the other Mary came to the tomb. Earthquake. The angel rolled away the stone and sat on it. The guards are dead. An angel announces the resurrection to the women and tells them to tell the disciples to go to Galilee. The wives ran in fear to the disciples. Jesus met them with the word: Rejoice! They eat at His feet. "Let him go to Galilee." The bishops and elders bribe the soldiers to say that the disciples stole Him at night. The disciples go to Galilee; When they saw Him, they bowed, but others doubted. Jesus comes with all authority and commands them to go to preaching. “And behold, I am with you to the end of the age.” 1. It begins with the appearance of John. Jesus comes from Nazareth of Galilee. Forty days in the desert, temptation. According to legend, John comes to Galilee. Sermon. On the Sea of ​​Galilee, the calling of fishermen disciples. In Capernaum. Teaching in the synagogue. Healing the demoniac. In Simon's house the healing of his mother-in-law. Healings for those who come. Prayer in a deserted place. Walks through Galilee with his disciples. 2. Capernaum. Healing of the paralytic lowered into the roof. Reproof of the Scribes. By the sea. Levi's calling at the Mytnitsa. At his meal. Reproof of the Scribes. About the post. About plucking ears of corn from a field on Saturday. 3. In the synagogue. Healing a withered arm on Saturday. Reproof about the Sabbath. Again by the sea. A lot of people are pouring in. Teaching from the sea in a ship. Healings. The placing of the twelve disciples on Mt. Capernaum. In the house. Refutation of the scribes about the power of Beelzebub. His relatives call Him out of the house, but He denounces them. 4. Again by the sea. He teaches people from the ship. Parable of the Sower and its interpretation. The parable of the seed growing in the ground and the mustard seed. He sails with his students to the other (eastern) side of the sea. Storm at night and taming the storm. 5. On the other side in the country of the Gadarenes. Healing the ferocious demoniac. A legion of demons enters the swine herd. Drowning of the herd. He who was healed preaches Him in Decapolis 8. Jesus returned by sea to the other side. He goes to the house of Cairo to see his sick and dying daughter. On the way among the people is the healing of a bleeding wife. In the house of Jairus, the healing of his dead daughter. 6. He comes to his fatherland, Nazareth. He teaches in the synagogue on Saturday. Temptation among the people and disbelief. Instructs the Apostles, sending them two by two to villages, with the power of healing. Death of John by Herod and daughter Herodias. The apostles gathered and announced their deeds. Sends them alone by sea to a deserted place on the shore. And people flock to Him. Feeding the people with five loaves and two fish. He sends the disciples to a deserted place by ship, but He Himself departed. He tells them to wait for Him on the other side near Bethsaida, and he himself goes up the mountain to pray. At night he overtakes them while walking on the sea. They landed in the land of Gennesaret. Then the people came running to Him. Healing the sick. 7. Pharisees. Refuting the tradition of the elders about ablutions and relationships with parents. The doctrine of what comes from the heart and defiles a person. Jesus departed to the borders of Tire and Sidon. Healing of a Canaanite wife's demon-possessed daughter. Jesus went to the sea near Decapolis. Healing the deaf and dumb. Forbids disclosing about Him. 8. People gathered to him and did not leave for three days. Feeding four thousand with seven loaves and fish. It departs by sea to that region, to Dalmanufa. The Pharisees seek a sign from Him. Swims across to the other side again. Teaching to the Apostles about the bread and leaven of the Pharisees. In Bethsaida. Healing the blind. Jesus goes to Caesarea Philippi. On the way he asks his disciples about Himself. Peter announces Him as Christ. Jesus announces his coming suffering and resurrection. Convicts Peter for arguing about this. Teaching to the disciples and people about the cross. 9 . Six days later, foreshadowing a sign, he leads Peter, James and John to a high mountain. Transfiguration. Interpretation of Elijah and the suffering of the Son of Man. People are flocking. The fight between the scribes and the disciples (probably after the healings). The father brought his son, possessed and ferocious. Father's cries for faith. Heals the demoniac. He tells the disciples why they could not cast out the demon. Passes unknown through Galilee. He also proclaims the suffering and resurrection of the Son of Man. In Capernaum. Competition between students to see who is the greatest. The doctrine of humility and the image of the child. He commands not to detest strangers who act in His name. The doctrine of temptation and punishment for seducers. 10. Jesus on the way to Jerusalem, through the Trans-Jordan side enters Judea. The Pharisees tempt Him by asking about divorce. A lesson on the indissolubility of marriage and to disciples. He does not tell the disciples to drive the children away and blesses the children. An answer to the rich man asking about the ways to eternal salvation. Having heard the advice to give away his property, he leaves, grieving. Teaching the disciples how difficult it is for a rich man to enter the Kingdom of God. The answer to Peter's question is what will happen to them when they leave everything and follow Him. On the way to Jerusalem, Jesus tells them what will happen to Him in Jerusalem, about suffering and resurrection. The request of James and John Zebedee to exalt them in His glory. Jesus' answer and instruction to his disciples about humility. Jesus walks through Jericho. Healing of Bartimaeus the Blind. 11. Approaches in Bethphage and Bethany to the Mount of Olives. Jesus sends two disciples to bring a colt. Celebration of entry into Jerusalem. Jesus in the church and back in Bethany. The next morning is the deprivation of the fruit of the fig tree. Jesus is back in the church and drives out the merchants. In the evening, on the way to Bethany, a conversation about the power of faith regarding the fig tree. About the forgiveness of all grievances in prayer. Jesus is back in Jerusalem and in the church. The answer to the scribes and elders is by what authority He does all things. 12. The parable of the winegrowers who beat the owner's slaves who came for the fruit, and finally killed his son. About the cornerstone rejected by the builders. The Pharisees and Herodians 9 tempt Him with a question about taxes. Jesus' answer on the coin is to render Caesar's things to Caesar's and God's to God's. The Sadducees are tempted by the question of the resurrection. Jesus teaches about the resurrection. The scribe's question: what is the first commandment in the law? Jesus' answer about the commandment to love God and neighbor. The answer is how Christ is the Son of David. Exposing the grandeur and hypocrisy of the scribes. Praise to the poor widow for her miserable sacrifice to the church treasury. 13. As Jesus leaves the church, he announces to his disciples the destruction of the great church buildings, the impending disasters and persecutions of the people and the great sorrow of the world, the coming of the Son of Man in glory. "Watch and pray." 14. Two days before unleavened bread. The plans of the bishops and scribes to kill Jesus. Supper in Bethany in the house of Simon the leper. The wife pours expensive alabaster ointment on the head of Jesus 10. The students' wrongful grumbling about excessive spending instead of giving money to the poor. Judas volunteers to betray Jesus for the pieces of silver. At the Passover sacrifice, Jesus sends two disciples to prepare a room for Him for the supper and to prepare the Passover. Last Supper with the Twelve Disciples. Jesus informs that one of them will betray Him. The mystery of the Body of Christ and the Blood of Christ in bread and wine. Having risen, they go to the Mount of Olives. Peter assures that even if everyone has left Him, he will remain faithful. But Jesus declares that he will deny Him three times before the rooster crows twice. We came to Gethsemane. The Dying Terror and the Prayer of Jesus. The disciples fell asleep, but a traitor approaches with a crowd of armed people and betrays Jesus with a kiss. One person rushed at the slave and cut off his ear. The students ran away. An unknown young man, naked and veiled, went after Him, but they took him away and he ran away. They brought Jesus to the high priest. Interrogation and false witnesses. Jesus' answer to the question whether He is the Christ. They condemn Him for blasphemy and beat Him. Peter is in the bishop's courtyard, and when he is recognized, he denies Jesus three times. The rooster crowed and Peter cried. 15. The next morning the Sanhedrin took Jesus to Pilate. Question without answer. They ask to release Barabbas and crucify Jesus. Crucifixion and abuse. Carrying the cross. Simon of Cyrene. Crucified between two robbers. Blasphemous greetings. Crowd. End. The centurion's exclamation. The women watching: Mary Magdalene, another Mary and Salome. Joseph of Arimathea. Burial of Jesus. 16. Last Saturday, two Marys and Salome go to anoint the body. They see the stone rolled away. The appearance of an angel announcing the resurrection. Appearance of Jesus to Mary Magdalene. Appearance to two on the way. Jesus appears to the eleven disciples. Instructions on Preaching. 1. Zechariah the high priest and his wife Elizabeth, barren. To Zechariah at the altar the Angel Gabriel announces the birth of John. The numbness of Zechariah and the conception of John. Annunciation to the Virgin Mary in Nazareth from the Angel Gabriel. Miriam visits Elizabeth in the city of Judah on high. Elizabeth's greeting and Mariam's response. Birth and name of John. John's childhood. 2. Census. Joseph and Mary come from Nazareth to Bethlehem. Birth of Jesus. Appearance of an Angel to Shepherds. Shepherds in Bethlehem at the manger. Circumcision of Jesus. Bringing Him to the Temple of Jerusalem for a legal ceremony. Presentation of the Child by Simeon. Simeon's prayer and prophecy. Anna the prophetess. Return to Nazareth. Raising Jesus. Travel to Jerusalem for the holiday. They lost Jesus, they find Him in the church, twelve years old, in conversation with teachers. 3. In the fifteenth year of Tiberius Caesar, John comes out of the desert to preach about repentance. Sermon. Proclamation to the people about the coming Christ Jesus. John in Herod's prison. Baptism of Jesus in the Jordan. Genealogy of Jesus, thirty years old. 4. Jesus goes out from the Jordan into the desert. Temptation from the devil. Beginning of preaching in Galilee. In Nazareth. Conversation in the synagogue about the prophecy of Isaiah. But those in Nazareth did not accept Him and wanted to throw Him off the mountain. Goes to Capernaum. Sermon in Capernaum. Healing of a demoniac in the synagogue. Healing of Simon's mother-in-law and the sick brought to Him in the desert. 5. Jesus by the lake. Preaching to the people from Simonov's ship. Wonderful fishing. The calling of Simon and James and John Zebedee. The healing of the paralytic who was let down through the roof, and the denunciation of the scribes about the power of remission of sins. Levi's meal from Mytnitsa. Answer to the murmurs of the scribes about community with publicans about fasting. The parable of old clothes and old and new wineskins. 6. Answer to the Pharisees about the disciples plucking ears of corn along the way on the Sabbath. Healing a withered hand on Saturday in the synagogue. Teaching about the Sabbath and the rage of the Pharisees. After night prayer on the mountain, the twelve were called and named Apostles. Out of the blue, a conversation with many people. About the bliss. About forgiveness of offenses, about mercy and justice. Parable of blind men leading each other. About non-judgment. About the good and bad tree. About purity of heart and deeds consistent with the word. The parable of the house built on stone and sand. 7. In Capernaum. Healing of a slave by a centurion. Testimony of the centurion's faith. In the city of Nain, the resurrection of the son of the widow of Nain. The disciples of John come with the question: Is He the Christ? Jesus' answer and word to the people about John. A parable about children in the marketplace calling to each other. At a meal in the house of the Pharisees. The woman, a sinner with the alabaster of peace, weeping, kisses the feet of Jesus. The Pharisees are tempted. Jesus' answer. A parable about two debtors whom the lender forgave. 8. Walking with his disciples, he preaches in cities and villages. There are also certain women, Mary Magdalene, and Joanna, the wife of Chuza, and Susanna. Parable of the Sower and its interpretation to the disciples. About light and about keeping the word heard. Answer to the Mother and brothers who called Him from the people. They swim to the other side. A storm is on the way, and at the word of Jesus the sea calms down. In the country of the Gadarenes. Jesus casts out a legion of demons from a demon-possessed man, they enter a herd of swine, and it drowns in the lake. Upon his return, he goes to the house of Jairus and on the way heals a bleeding woman who touched His clothes. Resurrection of Jairus' daughter. 9 . Sends twelve Apostles to preach with the gift of healings. Instruction for them not to stock up for the journey and how to remain where they will be. Herod's bewilderment: Isn't Christ the risen John? Upon the return of the Apostles, he went with them to a deserted place, to Bethsaida. People gathered. Feeding the five thousand with five loaves and two fish. Jesus' question to the disciples: Who do people think He is? And Peter's answer is that He is the Christ. He announces that He is about to suffer. About the cross and how one must deny oneself. Eight days later he leads Peter and John and James to the mountain. Transfiguration and the voice of the Father about the beloved Son. When they came down from the mountain, he healed the demoniac brought by his father. Again he instills in his disciples the idea of ​​handing Him over to suffer, but they do not understand, but think which of them is greater. The Lord teaches them humility and sets the child as a model for them. He goes to Jerusalem through Samaria, but in Samaria they did not accept Him. The disciples James and John demand a vengeful execution, but Jesus pacifies them and teaches them what kind of spirit they are, not for destruction, but for salvation. Those who ask to follow Him, but want a delay for household needs, are taught not to look back. 10. The Lord also appoints seventy others and sends them to preach with the gift of healings. Instruction for them and how to be in the places where they are. A terrible prophecy about Chorazin, Bethsaida and Capernaum. Advice to them when the disciples returned. About humility and simplicity. A question from a lawyer about how to inherit eternal life. When asked who is my neighbor, the Lord tells the parable of the Merciful Samaritan. The Lord is in the house of Martha and Mary. 11. Teaches students the Lord's Prayer. Ask and it will be given to you. A parable about a friend asking for a loan of bread at night. Casting out a demon from a mute person. Reproof for people who said that He casts out demons by the power of Beelzebub. About demons. A voice from the people about the blessed womb that bore Him. A word to the people about signs. About keeping the light within yourself. At a meal with a Pharisee. The denunciation of the Pharisees about cleansing only the external, not the internal. Bitter denunciations of the hypocrisy of scribes and lawyers. The Pharisees are looking to catch Him in a word. 12. Teaching. About hypocrisy - the leaven of the Pharisees. Do not be afraid of those who kill the body. About those who confess the Son of Man and those who deny. About blasphemy against the Holy Spirit. About the answer to the authorities and authorities. About covetousness. The parable of the rich man who gathers for himself and not for God. Do not entangle your soul with worries about food and clothing. Seek the Kingdom of God. Be ready every hour for the coming of the Son of Man. The parable of the worthy and unworthy servant at the coming of the master. Division on the new teaching of truth. Be able to distinguish more than one face of heaven and earth. 13. If you do not repent, you will all perish, just as those crushed by the pillar in Siloam or beaten by Pilate perished. The parable of the barren fig tree, not condemned, but dug in again. Healing a crumpled wife in the synagogue on Saturday. An Elder's Reproof on the Sabbath. The parable of the mustard seed and the leaven. On the way to Jerusalem, a lesson about the narrow gate and about the first who will be last, and the last who will be first. A word to the Pharisees who exhorted Him to withdraw and be saved from Herod; about Jerusalem, where the prophet will perish. A bitter reproach and condemnation for Jerusalem. 14. In the house of the prince of the Pharisee, he heals a man sick with water [disease] and denounces the lawyers about the Sabbath. The parable of the cattle that fell into the well. A parable about invitees choosing places at a banquet. Teaches about humility and about feasting not for the rich, but for the poor. A parable about a supper from which those invited were denied, and of the poor gathered, few were chosen. Teaches about denying yourself and bearing your cross. The parable of the building of the pillar and the preparation for battle explains renunciation. The parable of the overpowering salt. 15. The Pharisees condemn Him for accepting publicans and sinners. Convicting them, he tells a parable about a shepherd who lost one sheep from the flock, and about a wife who found a lost coin. The parable is about the dissolute son who returned home to his father, about the envy of the virtuous eldest son. 16. A parable about a fired housekeeper who skillfully made friends for himself from the mammon of untruth. Faithful in small things, faithful in many things. You cannot serve two masters. Convicts the Pharisees of hypocrisy. Not a single trait will perish from the law. The Good News of the Kingdom of God. About divorced people. Parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus. 17. About temptation and woe to the seducer. Forgiving a brother who has sinned. About the power of faith. A parable about a servant who did only what he was commanded. On the way to Jerusalem, between Samaria and Galilee, the healing of ten lepers and the return of one of them, grateful. The Kingdom of God is within you, it will not come visibly. About the coming of the Son of Man. He must suffer much. It will come like the flood in the days of Noah 11. 18. On persistent prayer. A parable about a widow's plea to a judge. Will the Son of Man find faith on earth? A parable about humility. Publican and Pharisee. Accepts children brought to Him. A child is an image of one entering the Kingdom of God. The answer to the prince about inheriting eternal life: give away your property. How difficult it is for a rich man to enter the Kingdom of God. The answer to Peter's question is what will happen to them who have left everything. He proclaims his suffering, but the disciples do not understand. They are approaching Jericho. Heals the blind on the way. 19. In Jericho he sees Zacchaeus the publican on a tree and goes to his house. Rescue of Zacchaeus. Parable about talents distributed to slaves. To the one who has it will be given. Near Bethany and Bethphage and the Mount of Olives he sends two disciples to bring a young donkey. Entry of the Lord into Jerusalem. The murmur of the Pharisees at the jubilant disciples. Jesus weeps over Jerusalem, predicting its destruction. In the church he drives out traders. The malice of scribes and elders. 20. In the church he answers the question of the elders and scribes who gave Him this power. The parable of the workers of the vineyard who drove out the master's servants and finally killed his son. About the cornerstone rejected by the builders. Enemies are looking to take Him, but they are afraid of the people. They tempt Him about taxes to Caesar. Jesus' answer on the coin. The Sadducees' question about the resurrection and Jesus' answer. About the resurrection of the dead. They cannot answer Jesus’ question about the son of David, whom David calls Lord. He denounces the pride and vanity of the scribes. 21. About a poor widow who contributed two mites to the church treasury - more than the rich contributed. Foretells the destruction of the church and all its riches. When the disciples asked when this would happen, it announced terrible signs, battles and persecutions. Advises patience. The parable of the fig tree teaches us to discern the signs of the times and the nearness of the Kingdom of God. Watch and pray. During the day Jesus is in the church, at night on the Mount of Olives. 22. The Feast of Unleavened Bread is approaching. Judas offers to betray Jesus to the bishops and scribes for money. Jesus sends Peter and John to prepare the Passover and find a house for it, at the direction of a man carrying a jug of water. Last Supper with the disciples. Offering of bread and cup for the communion of the Body and Blood. A word about a traitor. A lesson on humility for the students to argue about who is the greatest. A word to Simon about his renunciation of Christ before the rooster crows. A word about the vagina and the sword. He came with his disciples to the Mount of Olives. Jesus' prayer and dying struggle. An angel strengthens Him. The students are sleeping. The appearance of a crowd of people. Judas betrays Him with a kiss. One of the disciples cut the servant's ear, and Jesus healed the wound. A word to the bishops, why they came out against Pego with weapons. Jesus is brought into the court of the high priest. Peter is sitting by the fire. He was rebuked by a slave girl and two others, but he denied Jesus. The rooster crowed, and Peter bitterly repented. Mocking Jesus and hitting him. The next morning they led Him to the assembly. They question him with blasphemy whether he is Christ, and accuse him of blasphemy. 23. They took Jesus to Pilate and blamed Him. Answers Pilate's question whether He is a King. Pilate finds no fault in Him, but the crowd cries out against Him. Pilate, seeing that He is from Galilee, sends Him to Herod Antipas, the ruler of Galilee, who was in Jerusalem on the occasion of Easter. Jesus remains silent before Herod. Herod, cursing, returns Him to Pilate. Pilate, not finding any guilt in Him, decides to release Him for the sake of the holiday. But they demand crucifixion, and ask for the release of the robber Barabbas. The cries of the bishops and the crowd prevailed, and Pilate betrayed Jesus to them. They took Him to be crucified. The cross is carried by Simon of Cyrene. Jesus' word to the wives who followed Him: Weep not for Me, but for yourselves and for your children because of the coming troubles. At the Place of Execution they crucify Him between two villains. Jesus prays for those crucifying. They divide His garments by lot. Curses from the crowd and soldiers. The inscription on the cross: “King of the Jews.” Repentance of one of the crucified and the farewell word of Jesus. The sun darkened, the church curtain was torn. Jesus ends. The centurion glorifies God at the cross. The lamentation of the people who came to watch with the women of Galilee. Joseph of Arimathea requests the body of Jesus and buries him in a new tomb. At dawn on Saturday, the wives prepare scents to anoint the body. 24. On the first day of the week, early, the wives come to the tomb and do not find the body. The appearance of two Angels announcing the resurrection. Magdalene Mary, Joanna and Mary of James and others say to the Apostles. Peter did not believe it, goes to the tomb and finds only vestments. Two disciples, one of them Cleopas, go to Emmaus, meet Jesus and do not recognize him. Conversation on the way. In the evening I became acquainted with them in the blessing of bread. They return to Jerusalem and tell the disciples. And Jesus Himself appears, showing them the wounds, eats the food, explains the Scriptures, blesses them for preaching, and tells them to wait for the Spirit in Jerusalem. Having carried them to Bethany, he ascends to heaven. The apostles return to Jerusalem. 1. In the beginning was the Word. The Only Begotten of the Father, the true light that enlightens every person, Jesus Christ, became flesh and dwelt in us. John testifies of Him. John's answer to the question of the sent Pharisees who he was. He is not Christ, but Christ is the Coming One after him. In Bethabara, on the other side of the Jordan, where John baptized. Jesus approaches him. John testifies about Him and the descent of the Spirit on Him in the form of a dove. The next morning John stood with two disciples and, seeing Jesus, said: “Behold the Lamb of God.” Two disciples followed Jesus, one of them (from Bethsaida) Andrew. He brings his brother Simon to Jesus. Jesus gives him the name Peter. 2. The next morning Jesus goes to Galilee. Summons Philip (from Bethsaida). Philip calls Nathanael, but having heard about Nazareth, he doubts. Jesus recognizes Nathanael as a man without flattery and praises him for his faith. Jesus with his Mother and disciples at the wedding in Cana of Galilee. The first sign is turning water into wine. Jesus in Capernaum. Comes to Jerusalem for the Passover of the Jews. In the church he drives out traders. The Jews ask what sign you will show to justify such power. He answers about the destruction of the church (His body) and its erection. Many believed, but Jesus knows the hearts of men. 3. Nicodemus of the Pharisees comes to Him at night. Conversation with Nicodemus about the birth from above - by water and the Spirit and about belief in the Only Begotten Son of God, and about the light that has come into the world. Comes with his disciples to the land of Judea. Baptizes. John baptizes in Aenon, near Salem. The dispute between John's disciples and the Jews. John testifies of Christ, the Son of God. 4. The disciples of Jesus baptize more than John. When the Pharisees heard about this, Jesus leaves Judea for Galilee. Passing through Samaria, in the city of Sychari, at the source of Jacob he meets a Samaritan wife who came to draw water. Conversation with her about living water and where and how to worship the Father. About worship in spirit and truth. He confesses himself to be Christ the Messiah. People from Samaria flock to Him at the call of his wife and believe at the word of his wife. Jesus' conversation with his disciples about spiritual food and the harvest that lies ahead for them. He stayed with them for two days and went to Galilee. In Cana of Galilee. He heals the sick son of a certain courtier living in Capernaum with a word. Jesus' Word about Signs. 5. He comes to Jerusalem for the Jewish holiday. In the sheep's font, Bethesda heals the paralytic who is lying and tells him to take up his bed and walk. It was the Sabbath, and the Jews accuse the sick man of breaking the Sabbath. The anger of the Jews against Jesus for the Sabbath and for calling God His Father. Jesus' answer about the Son receiving authority from the Father. About the resurrection of the dead and about judgment. About the testimony of John and, moreover, the testimony of the works for which the Father gave Him power, and from the Scriptures that testify about Him. About the testimony of Moses; about glory from the One God. 6. Goes to the other side of the Sea of ​​Tiberias in Galilee. Easter was already close. Many people follow Him. A word to Philip about bread for the people. Feeds five thousand people with five loaves and two fish. The people glorify Him, but He leaves them on the mountain. In the evening the disciples sailed to the other side to Capernaum. At night there is great excitement, Jesus comes to them, walking on the sea, and the ship lands on the shore. The next morning the people, seeing that Jesus did not enter the ship, boarded the ships that came from Tiberias and sailed to Capernaum, looking for Jesus. His word to the people is about food that endures to eternal life. For their faith, they ask from Him for signs, as with bread. Jesus says: I am the bread of life; believe in the Son who came down from heaven for eternal life. People are offended by this word. This bread, He says, is My flesh, and I will give it for the life of the world; This bread is true food, and My blood is drink. This word was spoken in Capernaum in the synagogue. The Jews were offended when they heard this, the disciples were offended, and many departed from Him completely; twelve remained, but Jesus also prophesied about one of them, that this one was the devil. 7. The Jews seek to kill Him; He leaves Judea for Galilee. On the Feast of Tabernacles, the brothers (who did not believe in Him) persuade Him to go to Jerusalem and reveal Himself in deeds. He renounces, but secretly comes to the holiday. The Jews seek Him and argue about Him; At half-time of the holiday He entered the church. They marvel at His teaching and knowledge of the Scriptures. My teaching, he says, is not Mine, but of Him who sent Me. The Pharisees send servants to arrest Him, but His hour has not yet come; the servants return, announcing that He speaks as no one has spoken before. On the last day of the holiday, Jesus cried out: if anyone is thirsty, let him come to Me and drink. This word was about the Spirit. The discord among the people about Him increased, and many believed in Him. The word of Nicodemus to the Pharisees is that you cannot condemn a person without listening to him. 8. Jesus on the Mount of Olives. The next morning in the church. The scribes and Pharisees bring a wife in adultery, tempting Him. Jesus lets her go, shaming those who brought her. Conversation with the Pharisees and with the believing Jews, but they did not understand that He spoke to them about the Father and about the true light. For His words that He was before Abraham, they want to stone Him, but He leaves them. 9 . He sees a man blind from birth and heals him by anointing his eyes with clay. The Pharisees interrogate Him, not trusting his story, interrogate his parents and expel him. Jesus finds him and he believes in Jesus the Son of God. The word of Jesus about those who do not see, who see, and those who see, who go blind. 10. The parable of the true shepherd whom the sheep know. He calls himself the Shepherd, bringing the sheep into His courtyard. Dispute among Jews about Jesus. Feast of Renewal 12 in Jerusalem. Jesus in the temple, Solomon's porch 13. The Jews begin to interrogate Him: Is He the Christ? He answers: I told you, but you do not believe, for you are not of My sheep. And when he said: “My father and I are one,” they took up stones to beat Him. But He turned aside and went beyond the Jordan to the place of John’s baptism. Many people there believed. 11. Lazarus in Bethany, brother of Mary and Martha. They sent him to tell him about the illness of Lazarus, whom he loved. He remained in place for two days and then got ready to go, although the Jews were going to kill Him. Lazarus died, and Jesus came and found him four days after his death. Martha went from Bethany to meet Him. He announces to her about the resurrection. Martha went after Mary. Maria arrives, weeping for her brother. Jesus is crying. They come with the people to the tomb. The Raising of Lazarus. Many who have seen believe. The bishops and Pharisees are conferring on what to do. Prophecy of Caiaphas. They decided to kill Him. Jesus departs with his disciples to the city of Ephraim. Easter is coming. In the church they are looking for Him, watching Him. 12. Six days before Easter. Jesus comes to Bethany. At the supper, Mary anoints His feet with myrrh and wipes them with her hair. Judas' suggestions: isn't it better to give the price of peace to the poor? The people came to see Jesus and Lazarus. They want to kill Lazarus too. The next morning Jesus enters Jerusalem. People's meeting. The Greeks who came want to see Jesus. His soul was indignant - the hour had come for the Son of Man to be glorified. An answering voice from heaven. Jesus announces His ascension to the cross in the hearing of the people. The blinding of unbelieving people, prophesied by Isaiah. Jesus' word about those who believe: They believe not in Me, but in Him who sent Me. My word is the word of My Father. 13. Last Supper. Jesus gets up and washes the feet of the disciples and Peter, despite his denial. Teaches them by explaining the image of humility. He is indignant in spirit and speaks of a traitor. At John's request, he points the bread to Judas, and Judas leaves. Conversation between Jesus and his disciples. Commandment about love. Prediction to Peter about his abdication. 14. Conversation with students. About the path to the Father. About His unity with the Father. About prayer and petitions to the Father. About the true spirit whom he will send to them. Whoever loves Him will be loved by the Father. Leaves them peace. He will come to them. While talking, they leave. 15. He is the true vine, and they are branches of the vine. And they will create fruit. The commandment is to love Him and each other. About the world’s hatred of Him and the Father and them. 16. They will pursue and kill them. He leaves, but the Comforter will come and convict the world about sin, about righteousness and about judgment. The Spirit of truth will tell them everything. They go to the Father, and they will not see Him, but soon they will see Him again, and their heart will rejoice, not remembering sorrow, like a woman giving birth. Whatever they ask the Father in His name, the Father will give them. They will all scatter in different directions, but may they take courage in sorrow. 17. Prayer of Jesus to the Father for the disciples and for the believers. 18. Jesus and his disciples go out to the other side of the stream of Cedars and enter the garden. Judas appears with soldiers and servants. Whom you seek is I, says Jesus. Simon Peter took out his sword and cut down the bishop's servant, but Jesus rebuked him. They tied Jesus up and took him to Annas, Caiaphas's father-in-law. In the courtyard of the bishops, Peter's first renunciation before the servant doormaid. Jesus' interrogation, His answer, hit Him on the cheek, Jesus' objection. Jesus is sent to Caiaphas. Peter's second denial by the fire and the third. Then the rooster crowed. They lead Jesus to the praetorium alone, for the sake of Easter. Pilate goes out to the people and asks about Jesus’ guilt. Take Him yourself and judge in your own way, says Pilate. Pilate in the praetorium interrogates Jesus whether He is the King of the Jews. The word of Jesus about His kingdom that is not of this world and the testimony of the truth. Pilate's word about truth. Pilate comes out to the Jews, finding no guilt in Jesus, and offers to release Him. But they ask to release Barabbas. 19. Pilate orders to take Jesus and beat Him. They placed a crown of thorns on Him and clothed Him in a scarlet robe. They curse and hit Him on the cheeks. Pilate brings Him out to the Jews, finding no guilt in Him. He says: “Take Him and crucify Him.” Hearing that He declared Himself the Son of God, He was afraid and called Jesus and asked: “Where are You from?” Jesus is silent to the question, but says: “You have no power over me unless it were given to you from above.” Pilate tries to let Him go, but the Jews fear him in the name of Caesar. Pilate takes Jesus out to Gabbatha 14 and, to the cries of the Jews, betrays Jesus to them. He carries His cross to Calvary. Crucifixion. Trilingual inscription on the cross. Pilate does not agree to change it. The soldiers cast lots for the clothing of Jesus. Standing at the cross are His Mother, Mary of Cleopas 15 and Mary Magdalene. The word of Jesus to the Mother, hands Her over to John as a mother. Jesus is thirsty, they give Him a sponge to drink. Jesus said: “It is finished,” and he gave up the spirit. Friday. For the sake of the Sabbath, the Jews pray for the removal of the bodies of the crucified. Soldiers come to break the legs of the crucified man, but Jesus has already died, and the soldier pierced His ribs. Blood and water flowed out. May the Scripture be fulfilled. The Evangelist who has seen this testifies. Joseph of Arimathea 16 asked for the body of Jesus and took it down. They anointed him with Nicodemus and wrapped him in swaddling clothes and laid him in the garden in a new tomb, hastening for Friday. 20. On the first day of the week, Mary Magdalene comes early to the tomb and sees that the stone has been taken from the tomb. He says to Peter and John, they are going there; John came running first, saw the swaddling clothes, but did not enter. Peter entered and saw only shrouds and cloths, another came and saw, but did not know the resurrection. Mary stood at the entrance, leaned down crying and saw two Angels and asked: “Where is the body?” Po, turning, sees Jesus and, mistaking him for a gardener, asks, but He calls her: “Mary,” but does not order her to touch Him. Mary announces to the disciples, but on the same day in the evening He appears to Them through a closed door with the word: “Peace be with you!” Sends to preach with the breath of the Spirit. Eight days later, Jesus appears in the same way to the disciples and to Thomas, an unbeliever, to whom he allows the wounds to be touched. 21. The risen Jesus appears to the disciples on the Sea of ​​Tiberias. Simon Peter and Thomas and Nathanael and the sons of Zebedee and two others were together. At Peter’s call, we went fishing and didn’t catch anything that night. The next morning Jesus stands on the shore, but they did not recognize Him. He says: “Throw the net on the right side,” - they threw it and caught a lot - one hundred and fifty-three fish. Then John recognized Jesus, and Peter rushed into the sea to the shore, and the others swam. On the shore there is fire and fish and bread. Jesus calls them: “Have dinner,” they know Him and don’t ask. Gives them bread and fish. And while they were having dinner, Jesus asked Peter three times: Do you love me? And then he commands: Feed My sheep, and allegorically predicts to him by what death he will glorify God, and says: “Walk after Me.” Peter's question about John and the word of Jesus: if I want him to remain until I come, what do you want? And they began to incorrectly interpret that John would not see death. A brief explanation of the places where the Lord Jesus Christ stayed and passed during His earthly life in Palestine An attentive reader of the Gospel cannot help but notice that the first three Gospels describe mainly the ministry of Christ the Savior in Galilee, while the Gospel of John almost does not touch Galilee, referring exclusively to the ministry of Jesus Christ in Judea, when He visited Judea before His last Passover in Jerusalem. At that time, Judea and Galilee seemed to be separate regions, independent of each other. Each of them had its own ruler and its own government, and all of Palestine consisted on this basis of three separate regions - Judea, Galilee and Samaria. It is true that from ancient times Judea and Galilee had a separate fate and a separate history, just as the fate of the four northern and four southern tribes of Israel settled in this area was separate; and during the earthly life of Christ the Savior this division was even more clear, because the middle between Galilee and Judea was occupied by Samaria, inhabited by a hostile Samaritan sect. So, it is not surprising that many events and affairs that took place in Galilee are not mentioned in the Gospel of John, whose entire attention was paid to what was happening in Judea. And in terms of the nature of nature, and in terms of the composition of the population, and in terms of the nature of political history, Judea presents features that are not only not similar to Galilee, but also completely opposite. Judea was and remained the political center of Israel and its fortified stronghold, the border region between Palestine and the wild desert: everywhere there are mountains, wide valleys, and on the mountains there are cities that have served as fortresses since ancient times; nature is sparse and wild. The capital is Jerusalem, filled with magnificent buildings, towers and palaces of David and Herod; in Jerusalem is the church, the shrine of all the people and the foundation of the people's faith. In Jerusalem there was a whole class of learned churchmen, guardians and preachers of the law, bishops, scribes and Pharisees, the Jewish aristocracy, who despised the people who did not follow the law. Christ did not choose Judea for His preaching about the Kingdom of God, about love and truth. He chose Galilee for this, knowing that in Judea His earthly life would end and there He would be delivered into the hands of enemies, suffer and be resurrected on the third day. Galilee is the inheritance of the four northern tribes of Israel, a region remote from the battle arena of the region of Judah, a fertile country, rich in vegetation, in the midst of luxurious nature, adjacent to the coastal trading country of Tire, Sidon and Phenicia, differed from other regions in the composition of its population, largely mixed with settlements of pagan foreigners (Galilee language); and in the accent of the population of Galilee there were features by which one could distinguish a natural Galilean (Matthew 26:73). So, it is no wonder that among the common population Jesus Christ chose the main place of His stay and preaching. This was particularly facilitated by the area around the lake or Sea of ​​Tiberias (Galilee), which has since acquired worldwide fame. The western shore of the lake, within Galilee, was the most fertile and liveliest region of Palestine. This lake, no more than 13 miles long and 6 miles wide, has been famous since ancient times for its extraordinary abundance of fish, and its shores were busy with fishing, shipbuilding and shipping. Mountains surrounded the lake on the western side; but at the very shores in the northern part of the lake a wide strip of land remained free - a plain known as the land of Gennesaret (Matthew 14). Here, near the coast, populous settlements of fishermen and industrialists formed, one of them even bore the name “fish house” (Bethsaida, the birthplace of Philip, Andrew and Simon). There was no place in Palestine (with the exception of the capital) so favorable for the work of Jesus’ ministry, for preaching and doing good. From this center, rumors about Him flowed to distant Syria (Matthew 4) and attracted to Him countless people from all of Galilee, from the Decapolis, from Judea, from the deserts of Transjordan, so that wherever He stayed, wherever He passed, they brought and brought to Him all sorts of sick people. Far from the capital, mixed with settlers from Lebanon and Arabia, the inhabitants of the shores of Lake Galilee were not involved in the fierce prejudices of fanaticism that dominated the southern part of Palestine and prevented them from accepting from Him the teachings of love and truth. People who sat in the land and shadow of death of the land of Zebulun and Naphtali, and the inhabitants of Galilee of the tongues, when the light from Him shone on them (Matthew 4:15), were more susceptible to this. The Galileans were held in contempt by the proud Jews. It seemed impossible to them that the prophet would appear in Galilee (John 7:52) and that the Apostles, also Galileans, could be teachers. And He came to preach the Gospel to the poor, the toiling, the burdened; He came to seek and save the lost. Here He found and called disciples of Himself from ordinary fishermen who were casting and removing nets. Here, near the shores, He could meet tax collectors sitting at the tollhouse collecting taxes, and Roman soldiers living in service with their household and slaves (Luke 7). Here, on the low-lying shore, right by the water, we see Jesus, how He enters the ship and from the ship teaches the nations on the shore (Mark 4), how He sees two ships and enters one of them, Simonov, and says to him: “Walk into the depths” (Luke 5); how at dawn the disciples return in their ship from a fruitless hunt and see: He stands on the shore and calls them: “Children!” (John 21). The Sea of ​​Galilee was truly a sea of ​​life, in contrast to the other sea in the south of Palestine, which was and still is the sea of ​​death - the Dead Sea. But near the plain of Gennesaret in the mountainous and hilly areas there were many deserted places where Christ retired or went with his disciples for solitary prayer. On the upper, northern side of the Lake of Gennesaret, one life flourished; on the lower, southern side, another life began at that time - the fruit of the new Roman-Jewish civilization. There, Herod Antipas and his brother Philip laid the foundation of a new settlement, named Tiberias in honor of the Emperor Tiberius, on a place that was famous for its healing springs and the beauty of its location. At this time, Tiberias was just beginning as a Roman colony. From here a luxuriously built city was subsequently formed, which became, as it were, the capital of Galilee. Christ Jesus, sent to the lost sheep of the house of Israel, never entered this lower part of Lake Galilee. The eastern shore of the lake was a complete contrast to the western one. This was the wild side, deserted, waterless, adjacent to the predatory population of the desert. The Lord was heading here when he swam from the plain of Gennesaret with his disciples “to the other side”; here, in the country of the Gadarenes, he expelled from a possessed man a legion of demons that had entered a herd of swine. It happened more than once, as we see in the Gospel story, that Christ moved away from the places of His constant ministry to the distant lands and ends of Palestine. This is what happened when John’s disciples came to tell Him that their teacher had been beheaded by Herod (Matthew 14); when many of His disciples abandoned Him (John 6). He goes to the far northern places to Tire and Sidon, to Caesarea Philippi; evading those who want to seize Him in Judea, he goes into the Transjordan desert (John 10) before the last Passover; when it was revealed in Jerusalem that they were ready to seize and kill Him, He stopped walking openly among the Jews and retired to the deserted mountainous city of Ephraim, north of Jerusalem, on a high rocky mountain (John 11). Having undertaken His last procession to Jerusalem, He no longer chooses the usual path from Galilee to Judea, but, not wanting to “walk openly” among the Jews, He chooses a roundabout path, and they enter the borders of Judea from beyond the Jordan (Matthew 19) and go through Jericho (Matthew 20). In all His deeds and in all His words, the real life of the nature and human environment that surrounded Him in Galilee is reflected, as in a mirror. From the surrounding nature He also borrows the images of His parables, many of which were spoken from the ship to people standing on the shore. Fields ready for harvest, a sower throwing his seeds into the ground, earth sprouting 17 first greenery and grass, then bringing forth fruit, tares sprouting among the wheat, a branched tree in which the birds of the air nest, birds that the Heavenly Father feeds, a net thrown into the water and collecting fish, bad and good, flowers in beauty such as Solomon had never seen in all His glory - all these are images from Galilean nature. In Judea, and for other listeners, and for another time of His life, He takes new images for His parables: a vineyard with a pillar and its winepress (Judea was especially rich in vineyards), the owner and workers of the grapes, a fig tree in the grapes, announcing the proximity of the coming summer, the good shepherd, looking for the lost sheep in the mountains, the shepherd, who is his own sheep, the shepherd dividing sheep and goats on the right hand and on the left, the traveler who fell among the robbers on the way from Jerusalem to Jericho (Luke 10:30–37). Bethlehem. In the most troubled times of Israel, the tribe of Judah hid from enemies in mountain strongholds, where the so-called fortified cities of Judah were located (where David once took refuge from the persecution of his enemies) and between them, in a secluded mountainous area, was the insignificant village of Bethlehem, which was no different in the thousands of Judah, as said by Micah the prophet (Micah 5:2). On the foothills of Bethlehem there were known fields abundant in grain, as indicated by the very name Bethlehem (meaning “house of bread”). Here was the homeland of Boaz and Ruth, here was David’s “own city” of 18 Joseph, where he was to be recorded (Luke 2:4). Through Bethlehem lay the path from Northern Palestine down to Egypt - the path that Joseph followed with the Child and His Mother, moving away from the “seekers of the soul of the Child.” Meanwhile, in Bethlehem and throughout its borders, at the behest of Herod, the beating of infants took place (Matthew 2:16); within its borders, near Bethlehem, there was also the village of Rama with the tomb of Rachel, which is why the evangelist cites Jeremiah’s prophecy about the voice in Rama, with which Rachel wept for her children. Nazareth. The story of the childhood and youthful upbringing of Christ the Savior begins with Nazareth, and the evangelist calls Nazareth “His fatherland,” and from here He finally leaves for His service in Galilee and Judea. Until then, we only see His journey to Jerusalem, at the age of 12, with his parents for Easter (Luke 2:42). Nazareth is a secluded, quiet place between the mountains, in the midst of luxurious nature and rich vegetation. His name does not appear at all in Old Testament history and appears only with the appearance of Christ the Savior. The population of Nazareth did not enjoy a good reputation, which explains the words of Nathanael from neighboring Cana: “Can goodness come from Nazareth?” According to the place of his upbringing, the Lord Jesus was called a Pazorite (Matthew 2:23; 26, 71) and a Nazarene (John 19:19). This name, together with the name of Jesus, later passed on to the people, so that among the Jews and then among the Muslims Christians were called Nazarenes. In Nazareth, the residence of the Holy Virgin Mary, the appearance of the Archangel Gabriel and the Holy Annunciation took place to Her; and now local tradition connects the name of the Holy Virgin with the source where an Angel appeared to Her when She came to draw water. After Jesus left Nazareth, the Gospels mention His visit to Nazareth three times. But the wild population of this city was not able to recognize the prophet in the former resident of Nazareth, where everyone had seen Him since childhood. How, they said, after all, this is a simple carpenter, and the whole family, all His relatives are among us. And He marveled at their unbelief and did not create many forces here. And His brothers did not believe in Him. And when, having come to Nazareth, He entered the synagogue and, preaching about the prophecy of Isaiah, reproached them for their unbelief, the crowd became so furious that they drove Him out of the city and, bringing Him to the cliff of a mountain, wanted to overthrow Him (Mark 6; Matt. 13; Luke 4; John 8:5). Three hours from Nazareth was Nain, where at the exit from the city gates Jesus met the funeral procession and, stopping it, raised the son of a poor widow (Luke 8). Somewhat further away was Cana of Galilee, where the Evangelist John shows Christ’s presence twice: once with his Mother at marriage, another time when the centurion came to Him to ask for a son (John 2:1, 11; 4:46). Capernaum. Leaving Nazareth for His great service, Jesus Christ settled in seaside Capernaum, within the tribes of Zebulun and Naphtali, where His stay continued until the final exodus to Jerusalem. And the evangelist calls it “His city of Jesus” (Matthew 9). Capernaum is one of the villages located near the sea, in the valley of Gennesaret, and inhabited by fishermen. Here He preached to the people and in synagogues, here He performed healings and miracles described in Capernaum by the first three evangelists, here countless crowds of people flocked to Him from near and far, and brought and brought the sick and demon-possessed. From here He and his disciples crossed in a ship to the other side of the lake. In the same area there were other industrial settlements mentioned in the Gospel - Bethsaida, Chorazin, also by the sea or close to the sea. But their location remains completely unknown, there are no monuments, and no traces of them have been preserved in local legends. It is surprising how no signs of even Capernaum, where Christ the Savior stayed and served continuously until His exodus to suffering, were preserved in the people’s memory. In this, apparently, Christ’s terrible prophecy about their complete destruction was fulfilled over these cities (Luke 10; Matt. 11). Death was announced to them more than the land of Sodom. And on the shores of the Dead Sea they also indicate the location of Sodom, while there are no traces in memory of Capernaum. Bethsaida of Galilee was on the western side of the sea, in the plain of Gennesaret, and is referred to in the Gospel story as the miraculous feeding of the people with five loaves and two fish (Mark 6; Luke 9; John 6). But in addition, there was another Bethsaida, of the same name (“fish house”), on the north-eastern side of the lake - a village which, for the sake of its height and beauty of the location, the tetrarch Philip turned into a city and named Bethsaida Julia, after the name of Caesar’s daughter Julia. Here, apparently, the feeding of the people described by John (John 6) took place in a wide place where there was a lot of grass. The people came running here on foot when Jesus went “to the other side of the sea” and climbed a high mountain with his disciples, and then sent his disciples to the other side, to Capernaum; Then the people who remained at Bethsaida returned the next morning to the same place, to Capernaum, on ships that sailed from Tiberias. Decapolis. (Matthew 4; Mark 5:7). After the conquest of Syria by the Romans, ten cities were separated, colonized and allocated to a special administration called the Decapolis. Almost all of them were located on the eastern side of the Jordan. Among them was Gadara on the land of the Gadarenes, where Jesus crossed by sea from Capernaum (Matthew 8; Mark 5; Luke 8.), where a legion of demons was expelled from a demoniac who emerged from the tombs and later divulged about the miracle in Decapolis. Nowadays, on the site of Gadara, there is an insignificant village, surrounded by ancient tombs carved into the mountains, and in these tombs, like the demoniac of the Gospels, the wild inhabitants of that region take refuge to this day. Gornaya. Mountain side to the west, near Jerusalem. Here on the mountains were the so-called “cities of Judah,” of which 9, from the time of Joshua, were assigned to the priests, the descendants of Aaron (Joshua 21). In one of these cities there was the house of Zechariah, where the Blessed Virgin Mary came “with diligence” to Elizabeth in the Mountain (Luke 1). Nowadays, according to legend, the place of this city and the house of Zechariah is supposed to be in the village of Ain-Kerim, where pilgrims of the Holy Land go to worship. Magdala (Magdala borders). This name is found only in the Evangelist Matthew (15:39), when, after feeding four thousand people, Jesus entered the ship and entered the region of Magdalene. There are no other traces of this name in the sacred books, but according to legend, the place of Magdala is supposed to be on the western shore of Lake Galilee, between Capernaum and Tiberias. In the same area, apparently, there was Dalmanutha, which the evangelist Mark calls (Mark 7), narrating that Jesus, also after feeding four thousand people, entered the ship and arrived at the borders of Dalmanutha. Magdala, according to legend, was the birthplace of Mary Magdalene. Caesarea Philippi is the northernmost point of Palestine, to which the walk of the Lord Jesus through Palestine extended. This was the border of the northern tribe of Dan, near the sources of the Jordan. The place was elevated, distinguished by an abundance of water and luxurious vegetation. Here Herod built a church dedicated to Emperor Augustus. Here his son Philip, the tetrarch, ruler of this country (Iturea and Trachonidae), built a magnificent city, calling it Caesarea in honor of Caesar with the addition of his name. Jesus went to this distant region, as one can see, when many disciples left Him and when in Judea they were preparing to kill Him. He hardly reached Caesarea itself, and, probably, the confession of the Apostle Peter followed in its vicinity (Matthew 16). Six days later followed the Transfiguration of the Lord on a high mountain. Coming out from there, He passed through Galilee and did not want anyone to recognize Him (Mark 9), and on the way He announced to His disciples His coming suffering. And, apparently, this was the last return of Jesus to Galilee before his final departure to Judea. Samaria. Since ancient times, the sacred region of the Israeli people, the inheritance of the tribe of Ephraim. Here, in Shechem, was the first refuge of Abraham on his way from Chaldea to the Promised Land and the first settlement of Jacob near Mount Gerizin; Here he also dug a well, from which “his children and his cattle drank” (John 4). Joseph's tomb was located here. The first sacred center was formed here - the capital of Israel after conquering Palestine 19. Throughout the history of the kingdom of Israel, Garizin was considered its first shrine, and kings went here to be crowned kings, and the most sacred traditions of the entire people were associated with this place. But when, after the Assyrian captivity, new settlers returned from captivity were brought here, over time a special sect of Samaritans was formed from them, hostile to Judaism, and mutual hatred grew between Jews and Samaritans, so that the very name of Samaritan became a dirty word among the Jews (John 8:48). The usual route from Jerusalem to Galilee lay through Samaria. So, when Jesus left Judea and went again to Galilee, He had to pass through Samaria (John 4:3), and He, having become weary on the way, sat down at the source of Jacob. Here a memorable conversation took place between Him and the Samaritan wife, who believed together with her fathers that only in this mountain, that is, Garizin, should God be worshiped, and here Jesus explained to her that God is Spirit and the worship of the Father in spirit and truth is not connected with a place. And here at the source, near Shechem, which had already become Sychar, a whitened field opened before Him, ripe for the harvest, in the image of the great harvest for which His disciples were preparing. But even to this day, in the same place, the remaining Samaritans remain with the same belief that there can be true worship on Garizin. The Jordan, having its sources in the Lebanese mountains, passes successively Lake Meron, Lake Tiberias, finally flowing into the Dead Sea. A river that can be called desert: both from the west and from the east its banks represent a wild desert, and on neither one nor the other side there were no cities or villages on its banks. In this wild desert John appears, as he is described by the Evangelist Matthew (Matthew 3; Mark 1; Luke 3), in the desert of Judea, and there in the desert the word of God came to him (Luke 3), and he went to preach repentance to all people throughout the country of Jordan. Nowhere is there a direct indication of the special place of his preaching or the place of baptism, except in the Evangelist John (John 1:29) - an indication of Bethabara, “on the other side of the Jordan” (therefore, on the eastern side of the river), where the Jews sent to him to ask who he was, and where he saw Jesus coming to him and confessed Him as the Lamb of God and the Son of God. But Vifavar's whereabouts remain unknown. After this, John, narrating (John 3:22; 4:2) that Jesus came with his disciples to the land of Judea and lived there with them, and His disciples baptized Him, says that John also baptized in Aenon, near Salem, since there were many waters there. This place is supposed to be in another, not the southern side of the Jordan and not beyond the Jordan, but on the western side of the Jordan, where there was an area called Aenon, rich in many springs. On the last path of Jesus Christ to Jerusalem lay the key to this path - Jericho, the only famous city on the banks of the Jordan, as if the capital of the entire Jordan Valley. It lies at the head of two passages from this valley into the interior of Palestine, serving as the gateway to the long and difficult journey from Jericho to Jerusalem, the same path along which the traveler who fell into the robbers of the parable of the Merciful Samaritan walked. At least six hours had to be spent on the difficult ascent along rocky bare cliffs, devoid of any vegetation. Christ the Savior and his disciples passed here, until the green peaks of the Mount of Olives opened before Him and Bethany approached with a shelter ready for Him. The Mount of Olives is connected by sacred memories with the entire history of Israel; close, on the Sabbath journey from Jerusalem (Acts 1), the night solitude and night prayer of Christ the Savior, when He was in the church during the day, and in the evening retired to the mountain, and had a night shelter in Bethany, in the house of Mary, Martha and Lazarus. Bethany was the last village near the Mount of Olives on the deserted and wild road from Jerusalem to Jericho, at the foot of a rocky mountain, from where, on the way to Jerusalem, a difficult roundabout path passed up the Mount of Olives to the stream of Kidron and to Jerusalem. Approaching Jerusalem along the road of Jericho, when He saw Bethphage (a village near Bethany) and Bethany, he sent his disciples to bring a colt. From here He passed on the day of His solemn entry into Jerusalem in the midst of a large crowd of people, which partly moved before Easter on the way from the city to Bethany, partly to the city from Bethany, where people flocked to the place of Lazarus’ tomb and resurrection (John 12:17, 18). Along the way they plucked branches from the olive trees on the road and spread them on the way, while others spread their clothes on the ground. Some walked ahead, another crowd followed them, and, approaching the descent from the Mount of Olives, they exclaimed: “Hosanna to the Son of David!” And right there in the crowd of people, the Pharisees, tempted, said to Him: “Rebuke Your disciples,” but He, pointing to the stones lying along the road, answered: “If they remain silent, the stones will cry out” (Luke 19:39, 40). Even closer, at a turn, a city with all the splendor of its buildings opened before Him, and, seeing it, He became indignant in spirit and wept over its disastrous fate. The next morning, leaving Bethany again for the city, He passed along the way, stopping at a barren fig tree (Matthew 21). At the foot of the mountain, near the brook Kidron, there was a garden where Jesus and His disciples often gathered. And, having finished His dying conversation with them, on the last way from the supper from Jerusalem, Jesus Himself and His disciples entered the garden. And Judas the traitor knew this place... At that time there was a lot of vegetation and olive trees in Gethsemane. Nowadays, only 8 trees remain there from the great distant antiquity, the remnant of the sacred helicopter city, where the great prayer of Jesus was performed in dying languor and horror... Herod Archelaus (23 BC - 18) - ethnarch of Samaria, Judea, Idumea, son of Herod I and his Samaritan wife Malphaca (Maltaki). Sadducees is the name of one of the three Hebrew religious sects and one of the main religious and political movements in Judea of ​​the 2nd century BC. e., or, in the words of Josephus, three philosophical schools that arose during the heyday of the Maccabean dynasty (c. 150 BC) and existed until the conquest of the Jewish state by the Romans (70 AD). The founder of the movement, Zadok, denied the resurrection from the dead, the afterlife, and Divine Providence. Herod Antipas (20 BC - after 39 AD) - ruler of Galilee and Perea (4-39 AD), son of King Herod the Great and one of his wives, the Samaritan Maltaki. So in the original. The Gospel speaks of the Savior’s healing of the daughter of a Canaanite woman. See: Matt. 15:22–28. Drachma is an ancient Greek monetary unit, a unit of measurement of mass. Stater, statir - an ancient coin that circulated in Ancient Greece and Lydia (5th century BC - 1st century AD). David – king of Judah and Israel (c. 1004–965 BC). This was the name of the country east of the Jordan, which included ten cities: Damascus, Philadelphia, Raphapa, Scythopolis, Gadara, Ippon, Dion, Pella, Gelasa (Gerasu) and Kanawa. Of these, only Scythopolis was located west of the Jordan. Later, the number of cities changed, but the country was still called the Decapolis, being a union of free Hellenistic cities. When at the beginning of the 2nd century AD some of them were annexed to Arabia, the Decenate City ceased to exist. The Herodians were a religious and political Jewish sect that considered Herod their messiah. Alabaster vessel for storing the world. Noah is the tenth and last of the Old Testament antediluvian patriarchs, a righteous man, the son of Lamech, the father of Shem, Ham and Japheth, who was saved in the ark during the flood with his family and animals due to the fact that he listened to God and believed His words. The Feast of Renewal, the feast of the consecration of the church, is a holiday established by Judas Maccabee in 164 BC in honor of the liberation and cleansing of the church from idolatry, which was carried out in it for three years by order of Antiochus Epiphanes. The festival lasted for eight days, beginning on the 25th of Kislev (November–December). Solomon - king of the Israelite-Jewish state in 965-928. BC e., son of King David and Bathsheba, author of some books of the Bible: “The Book of Ecclesiastes”, “The Book of Song of Solomon”, “The Book of Solomon’s Proverbs”. Solomon was famous for his extraordinary wisdom; during his reign in 950 BC. e. The Jerusalem Temple was built - the main shrine of the Jews, destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar in 586 BC. e. The second church was built under the leadership of Zerubbabel in 516 BC. e., in 20–19 BC. e. renewed by Herod the Great in 70 AD. e. destroyed by the Roman army led by Titus. Gavvatha (Greek “liphostroton”) is the Hebrew name of the place from which Pilate spoke to the Jews during the trial of Jesus Christ. Stone platform at the entrance to Herod's palace in Jerusalem, which served as the residence for Roman procurators during their stay in Judea. Maria Cleopas is one of the holy myrrh-bearing women, the wife of Cleopas, the sister of the Mother of the Lord, the daughter of the righteous Joseph, the mother of the martyr Simeon. She accompanied the Lord, was present at the Cross and at the burial of the Savior, went with other myrrh-bearing women after the Sabbath to the tomb to anoint the body of Jesus, where she heard about the resurrection of the Lord. Joseph of Arimathea - a rich and noble member of the Sanhedrin, a Jewish elder in whose tomb Jesus Christ was buried; a secret follower of the Savior who was not one of the Apostles. The cloth with which Joseph wrapped Jesus' body still exists today under the name of the Shroud of Turin. It preserves traces of the suffering, death and resurrection of the Savior. Its authenticity was established by scientists of various specialties using the latest research methods developed by modern science. During the census, everyone must be registered in the city where his family originated. Righteous Joseph was a descendant of the psalmist king David, who was born in Bethlehem. Therefore, St. Joseph needed to register his name in Bethlehem. According to the Bible, the Land of Israel was bequeathed to the Jews by God to become the Promised Land. In the second millennium BC. e. Jews under the leadership of Joshua, the successor of Moses, conquer Canaan (Palestine). The first Hebrew tribes (tribes) appeared here around 1200 BC. e. The 250 Jewish settlements discovered here date back to this period. The establishment of royal power and the emergence of the Israeli and then Judah kingdoms date back to the end of the 11th - mid-10th centuries BC. e.