1. I am the Lord your God, let there be no god for you other than Me.
(That is: I am the Lord your God; you shall have no other gods besides Me).
With the first commandment, God commands us to know Him with our minds, to believe in Him with our hearts, to hope in Him and to love Him; confess Him with our lips; to worship Him with all our being; except for the one true God, do not recognize anyone or anything as God and do not give Divine honor to anyone or anything. Even holy angels and holy people should be honored not in the same way as we honor God, but only as servants of God and intercessors for us before God.
2. Thou shalt not make for thyself an idol or any likeness, such as the tree in heaven, or the tree upon the earth below, or the tree in the waters under the earth, lest thou worship them, nor serve them.
With the second commandment, God forbids: worshiping idols, that is, material images of what God created, both in the sky (sun, moon, stars), and on earth (animals, birds), and in the waters below the earth (fish, sea monsters). The same commandment indicates how Christians should venerate icons, that is, images of the true God in the flesh and His saints, namely: reverently looking at the icons and remembering the works of God and His saints depicted on the icons, we must pray to God and His saints in front of them; If anyone renders Divine worship to holy icons and hopes for their substance, without raising his mind and heart to what is depicted on them, he sins against the second commandment and falls into the sin of idolatry.
3. Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain.
(That is: do not take the name of the Lord your God in vain).
The third commandment forbids using the name of God in vain, without any thought about God and without reverence, and therefore forbids swearing in ordinary conversations.
4. Remember the Sabbath day, and keep it holy: six days you shall do it, and in them you shall do all your work; the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord your God.
God, who created the world in six days, and on the seventh day He rested from all His works, commands the fourth commandment: to work six days a week and do the work to which one is called, and to use the seventh day for prayer, for teaching about God and for God-pleasing works. In the same way, on the basis of this commandment, one should act on other holidays.
5. Honor your father and your mother, may you be well and may you live long on earth
With the fifth commandment, God commands: to honor our parents and obey them, and also to honor all those who in various respects take the place of parents for us, namely: the Sovereign, as the father of the entire people and state, shepherds and spiritual teachers, educators, benefactors, superiors and elders. To those who exactly fulfill the fifth commandment, God promises happiness and long life on earth.
6. Thou shalt not kill
With the sixth commandment, God forbids: taking people’s lives by force or cunning and in any way disturbing the safety and tranquility of one’s neighbor; and therefore this commandment also prohibits quarrels, anger, hatred, envy, and cruelty. But he who kills the enemy in war does not sin against the sixth commandment, because by war we defend the faith, the Sovereign and our fatherland.
7. Do not commit adultery
(That is: do not commit adultery)
By the seventh commandment God forbids all disordered and unclean carnal love; This commandment also prohibits everything that can arouse lawless love, such as: drunkenness, foul language, reading seductive books, singing and listening to shameful songs, looking at something that is shameful to look at.
8. Don't steal
By the eighth commandment, God forbids us to appropriate someone else's thing and take from another that which does not belong to us, and to deceive others in order to benefit ourselves. The same commandment commands: when receiving payment for work, do the work conscientiously and without laziness: work so that you don’t eat bread for nothing; do not take more for your goods and your work than it is worth.
9. Do not listen to your friend’s false testimony.
(That is: do not bear false witness against your neighbor)
By the ninth commandment, God forbids false testimony against someone in court or, except in court, slander, dishonor and slander in person or in absentia and in any case to lie or deceive.
10. Thou shalt not covet thy sincere wife, thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's house, nor his village, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor any of his livestock, nor anything that is thy neighbor's.
With the tenth commandment, God forbids not only doing bad things, but also desiring bad things, so that bad thoughts and desires do not lead to bad deeds.